五四運動中的學生、黨派與輿論──以傅斯年、羅家倫被誣一事為中心

Students, Political Parties, and Public Opinion in the May Fourth Movement: The Disinformation Affair of Fu Sinian and Luo Jialun

五四期間，有傳言稱北京大學學生傅斯年、羅家倫二人收受安福系賄賂，組織學生復課而遭北京學聯驅逐，引發各方關注。這一謠言實則起於北京學聯內部，北大學生朱一鶚因南下作學生代表的計畫屢遭傅、羅所阻，故利用《北京日報》所報導的新聞進行造謠，隨後謠言經參與「新舊之爭」論戰的張厚載、徐凌霄二人配合傳至上海。傅、羅憑藉二人在學聯中的重要位置、同研究系報紙的緊密關係，以北京學聯名義為自己辨白，並請託相熟的北大師生、上海報界人物為其澄清，甚至授意他人散布朱一鶚破壞北大的不實消息。在此後的歷史記憶中，朱一鶚這位五四學潮健將的身影逐漸消失，傅、羅則以學生領袖的身分為世所知。傅、羅被誣，究其根源，在於二人對學生罷課持審慎態度，其後更是藉闢謠之機呼籲學生遠離政治、盡力從事「文化運動」，以圖收束學潮。惟文化運動與學生運動間本就存在緊張性，學生在不斷介入社會事務後被賦予「學生政客」、「學生報人」的新角色，在讀書與救國之間徘徊不定，逐漸分途而行。傅、羅被誣一事，集中體現了五四時期學生個人意氣之爭、新派與舊派之爭、罷課與上課之爭，以及黨派之爭。

The May Fourth Movement saw rumors that two Peking University students, Fu Sinian and Luo Jialun, had been bribed by the Anfu Group to organize the resumption of classes, resulting in their expulsion from the Beijing Federation of Students. The rumor essentially originated from within the student association. Zhu Yi’e, a student at Peking University, had a personal grudge against Fu and Luo. His plans to go south as a student representative were repeatedly blocked by Fu and Luo. When he read the Beijing Daily’s report that the Anfu Group had invited students to organize a meeting to encourage the resumption of classes, he decided to frame Fu and Luo. The rumor then spread to Shanghai through the cooperation of Zhang Houzai and Xu Lingxiao. Fu and Luo, by virtue of their key positions in the Federation and their close ties with the Research Clique, used the name of the Beijing Federation to defend themselves and asked teachers and students at Peking University who knew them well, as well as figures in the Shanghai press, to clarify the matter, and even instructed others to spread false information about Zhu Yi’e. In the subsequent historical memory, Zhu, a great leader of the May Fourth Movement, gradually disappeared, while Fu and Luo became known as student leaders. The rumor about Fu and Luo was rooted in their cautious attitude towards the student strike. Later on, they called on students to stay out of politics and do their best in the “cultural movement” in an attempt to curb the student movement. However, there was already a tension between the cultural movement and the student movement, and students were given the new roles of “student politicians” and “student journalists” as they continued to intervene in social affairs and became the targets of political parties, thus torn between their studies and saving the country. The dispute between students’ personalities, the new faction and the old faction, the student strike and Resumption of Classes, and the partisanship were reflected in this disinformation affair.