印尼帝多雷島礫石、地景與文化歷史過程之綴合研究

Conjunctive Research on Stone, Landscape and Cultural Historical Process of Tidore Island

帝多雷島作為古代丁香生產中心，其社會階層化、伊斯蘭化及經濟制度變遷深受丁香貿易的影響。然而，有關帝多雷島的文字歷史頗為缺乏，如何詮釋神話式的口傳故事是一項考驗，因此考古資料的發掘與分析可以補足資料的空白，提供研究帝多雷島文化歷史過程的新契機。其中，人為堆疊的礫石結構和有使用痕跡的自然礫石是地表上及探坑中經常出現的文化地景與行為遺留。為了瞭解出現於考古地層的礫石結構之意義，調查現今仍在使用的各類型礫石結構能提供幫助。研究結果顯示儀式性礫石與聖墓兩者和聚落在空間上有緊密的關係，礫石墓葬的形制與朝向變化受到了伊斯蘭化的影響，十七世紀出現的礫石地界可能代表土地私有制度的形成，而十七世紀西班牙人構築的礫石碉堡則具有監視當地聚落的重要功能。綴合歷史文獻、口傳故事和考古資料，帝多雷島的案例可供探討交換貿易對人類政治、經濟、社會與文化層面的影響。

Being a production center of cloves, Tidore had received a great influence from clove trade on social stratification, Islamization and transformation of economic systems. However, the written records of Tidore Island are inadequate, and meanwhile interpreting the mythological oral stories is also a challenge. Therefore, excavating and analyzing archaeological records can fill in the voids of data and provide an opportunity to study the cultural and historical process of Tidore. Among the archaeological records, the artificially stacked stone structures and the rocks with traces of use are the cultural landscapes and human behavioral relics that exist on the surface and in the archaeological pits. In order to understand the significance of the unearthed stone structures, it is helpful to investigate the various types of stone structures still in use today. The research has shown that the ritual rocks and holy gravel burials are closely related to settlements in space. The shape and orientation of gravel burials have been changed due to Islamization. The gravel boundary in the seventeenth century may represent the privatization of land ownership, while the Spanish gravel forts have an important function of monitoring local settlements in the seventeenth century. Combining historical documents, oral history, and archaeological records, the Tidore Island can be a case study to explore the impact of exchange and trade in the spheres of political, economic, societal and cultural transformation.