美國可否動用301條款解决他國匯率問題？

Can the U.S. Apply Section 301 to Solve Other Countries' Exchange Rate Problems?

2020年10月至2021年7月美國貿易代表辦公室動用301條款解决越南盾匯率問題是美國解决他國匯率問題的嶄新實踐趨勢。當下無論在匯率還是國際貿易領域都存在相關國際法制度，美國動用301條款解决他國匯率問題不僅受301條款本身要件的限制，還有悖於《IMF協定》確立的匯率制度，有違DSU第23條和GATT 1944第1.1條、第2.1條之規定。本世紀以來，美國不斷對人民幣匯率發出指控而不能如願，難免會動用301條款解决人民幣匯率問題，對此，我國可綜合運用政治和法律解决方法予以紓解，同時還應不斷推動人民幣國際化以作應對。

The use of Section 301 by the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative to address the exchange rate of the Vietnamese dong during the period October 2020-July 2021 is a brand new trend in U.S. practice to address exchange rate issues of other countries. At present, there is a relevant international law regime for both exchange rate and international trade area. The use of Section 301 to solve the exchange rate problem of other countries not only fails to meet the requirements of Section 301, but also violates the exchange rate system established by the IMF Agreement, Article 23 of the DSU and Articles 1. 1 and 2. 1 of GATT 1944. Since this century, the U. S. has repeatedly launched accusations against the RMB exchange rate and failed to get what it wants, so it is inevitable that Section 301 will be used to solve the RMB exchange rate problem. We can use a combination of political and legal methods to solve the problem, and also promote the internationalization of the RMB to deal with it.