海洋生態損害賠償範圍之邊界──以《民法典》第1235條為分析進路

The Boundary of the Scope of Compensation for Damage to Marine Ecological Environment - Taking Article 1235 of Civil Code as the Analytical Approach

我國《民法典》調整“環境污染”和“生態破壞”兩種環境侵權行為所導致的生態損害。我國《海洋環境保護法》僅調整“環境污染型海洋生態損害”而忽略“生態破壞型海洋生態損害”。與傳統民事損害相對明確且固定的特徵相異，“海洋生態損害”的特殊性决定其範圍呈現動態化特徵。“海洋生態損害”賠償範圍的界定應當兼顧損害賠償機制若干基本原則，重視生態修復費用與永久性損失的界限與銜接，建立海洋生態動態索賠機制。

The Civil Code regulates ecological damage caused by both environmental torts of 'environmental pollution' and 'ecological damage'. The Marine Environmental Protection Law only regulates 'environmental pollution-type marine ecological damage' and ignores 'ecological destruction-type marine ecological damage'. Unlike traditional civil damages, which are relatively clear and fixed, the scope of 'marine ecological damage' is dynamic in nature. The definition of the scope of compensation for 'marine ecological damage' should take into account certain basic principles of the compensation mechanism, pay attention to the boundary between ecological restoration costs and permanent losses, and establish a dynamic claim mechanism for marine ecology.