歐盟自治原則的國際法映射──以歐盟投資條約重構為視角

The Principle of EU Autonomy and the Reconstruction of Extra-EU BITs

隨著歐盟對外經濟活動的增長，歐盟法的統一解釋和適用面臨越來越多的外部威脅，國際投資爭端解决機制就是其中之一。因此在後《里斯本條約》時代，歐盟拓展對外投資條約關係時尤為重視內部法律秩序的保護。在新一代投資條約談判過程中，歐盟力圖在投資案件的歐盟參與、歐盟與成員國之間的職能分配規則、投資仲裁庭的管轄權限制以及歐盟法在投資案件中的有限適用這四個方面實現革新，從而克服傳統投資條約體系及爭議解决制度的侷限，在國際法層面搭建有益於歐盟自治原則的制度建構。

With the growth of the EU' s foreign economic activities, the unified interpretation and application of EU law is facing more and more external threats, and the investor-state dispute settlement is one of them. Thus, in the post-Lisbon era, the EU attaches particular importance to the protection of internal legal order when negotiating extra-EU investment treaties. The new generation of extra-EU investment treaties witness four innovations, namely EU' s participation in investment arbitration, competence allocation between the EU and member states, jurisdictional conflicts between investment arbitration tribunals and the European Court of Justice, as well as the application of EU law in investment arbitration. As a result, the new generation of extra-EU investment' treaties outperforms the traditional ones in protecting EU autonomy not only in terms of the treaty system, but also the investor-state dispute settlement mechanisms. The innovations in the new generation of extra-EU investment treaties are normative protection in the aspect of international law which shields EU autonomy from external threats.