GATI第21條可適用性研究

Research on the Applicability of Article XXI of GATT

隨著國家安全概念不斷擴充，借國家安全之名在各領域設立國際貿易壁壘的行為屢見不鮮，在涉及其他多邊貨物貿易協定的貿易爭端中援引GAIT第21條安全例外條款抗辯的案件逐漸增多，不斷衝擊WTO多邊貿易機制的穩定性。針對該問題，可以GATT第20條可適用性問題的解釋實踐為基礎，結合GATT第21條的固有特徵和《WTO協定》內各多邊貨物貿易協定及其與入世議定書間的整體關係，對GATT第21條在不同協定下的可適用性問題進行具體分析。於我國而言，釐清GATT第21條可適用性問題一方面有助於在部分由針對我國貿易限制措施引發的貿易爭端中提前排除對安全例外條款的惡意援引，同時又有利於在我國國家安全相關政策法規與國際貿易規則可能産生的摩擦中維護我國正當國家安全利益。

With the continuous expansion of national security, it is common to set up international trade barriers in various fields in the name of it. The cases of invoking Article XXI of GATT as defense in none-GA TT agreements disputes are gradually increasing, which has challenged the stability of WTO multilateral trade mechanism. To solve this problem, this paper analyses the applicability of GATT security exception clause under specific agreements. The analysis is based on the experience of application of GATT exception clauses in practice, combined with the inherent characteristics of Article XXI of GATT, and further considered the overall relationship between multilateral trade agreements in the WTO Agreement and accession protocols. For China, clarifying the applicability of Article XXI of GATT will not only help to eliminate the malicious invocation of this article in some trade disputes caused by trade restrictive measures against China, but also help to safeguard China's legitimate national security interests in the possible friction between China's national security related regulations and international trade rules.