教育為台語家庭族語傳承之雙面刃

A Double-Edged Sword: Impact of Education on Taiwanese Maintenance

本文以問卷調查年齡與教育對台語家庭四代家人間台語傳承的影響。主要發現為年齡與教育因子皆呈現顯著的「兩層次逐代流失趨勢」：受訪者愈年輕者或教育程度越高者，和家人講台語頻率愈低，其交談家人愈年輕者，頻率也愈低。我們也觀察到「疑似緩減」現象－－有孫者、中年世代與高教組對下一代講台語的流失率並未如預期中更糟。我們認為此緩減可歸因於：「孫子效應」促發「家族語言病識感」、中年世代經歷的「保存台語」與「鄉土語言教育」政策、相對年輕而且智識較強的高教組較能接受新興的多元價值觀。而初老組與低教組所展現的亟欲對孫子棄守台語，可能與獨尊華語時代殘留的台語污名化有關。上述發現對台語復振啟發如下：透過教育持續提升民眾本土語言意識與多語素養，制度性鼓勵家庭內祖孫互動，鼓勵本土語言意識較強者轉態度為行動。

Based on questionnaires, this study examines language loss in four-generation Taiwanese families. Age and education level are significant factors in language loss and both exhibit a pattern of “two-level inter-generation language loss.” In contrast, a “seemingly reverse trend” emerges among the youngest cohort, the higher-education group, and families with grandchildren. They consistently display a smaller decrease in using Taiwanese than expected. We attribute this trend to a consequence of three elements: the local language education policy implemented since 2001, the actively promoted ideology of multiculturalism, and the anxiety about family language loss (especially in interaction with grandchildren, i.e., “grandchildren effect”). In contrast, the mid and lower-education groups’ greater resistance in passing on Taiwanese reflects the residual stigma attached to Taiwanese. Our findings suggest the following measurement for Taiwanese revival: promoting multilingualism, grandparents-grandchildren interaction, and local language ideology in action.