婦女從事環狀運動之相關因素探討

Exploration of Factors That Influence Women Doing Circuit Training

本研究根據心理學家勒溫（K. Lewin）所提出之場地理論（Field Theory）、環狀運動（circuitexercise）及實作課程等相關文獻之探討，針對高雄市某地區女性健身中心學員實作課程之學習心理行為蒐集相關資料，據以探究該健身中心學員於實施環狀運動實作課程之學習心理行為與場地論個人因素、環境因素所可能產生之影響。
本研究分別以問卷調查及深入訪談的方式就相關議題蒐集及彙整調查所獲得的資料，其中以問卷調查的方式對參加課程計170位學員蒐集相關資料。另以深入訪談的方式對參加課程具2年以上經驗之6名學員蒐集學習環狀運動實作課程之相關資料，經由SPSS統計分析與半結構式訪談法，並依照研究架構所提出的研究假設進行研究所得到之實證結果，進行相關性討論，並提出本研究之結論與建議。提出研究結果如下：（一）參加環狀運動課程學員之學習心理行為與場地論之學習個人因素及學習環境因素有顯著交互作用影響。（二）參加環狀運動課程學員之不同背景因素如：不同的年齡、身分狀況、每週運動頻率、體重減輕程度等對學習個人因素、學習環境因素等學習心理行為產生顯著影響。（三）歸納學員受場地論個人因素之影響如下：1.增加健身相關知識。2.操作環狀運動器材課程。3.教練講解與操作之專注程度與態度。4.可以提升學員自我形象。5.可以使學員遠離肥胖。6.可以使學員增加自信心。7.可以提供學員運動塑身方法。8.有信心消除贅肉。（四）歸納學員受場地論環境因素之影響如下：1.學員隨時獲得教練的指導與關心。2.學員常有互相鼓勵與關心。3.操作器材難易程度適中。4.課程效果可達減重、減脂與增肌效果。5.學習時間彈性符合個人需求。6.專屬女性安全學習環境。7.養成學習運動習慣。8.提升身體機能。9.提升自我形象與魅力。10.養成堅持不放棄正向心態。（五）參加環狀運動課程學員之學習心理行為表現在場地論影響個人因素的部分係與學習動機、學習態度、學習主動性、學習積極性有正向關係；另表現在場地論影響環境因素的部分係與學習自信心有正向關係。
綜合上述研究結果，彙整相關結果得到的結論如后：使用安全性油壓式環狀器材、隨時在旁指導關心、適時鼓勵與讚美、量身實施面談與衛教、互動課程與經驗分享，建議教學者於實施運動課程教學可參考此教學方式實施教學。

Based on literature review of Kurt Lewin’s Field Theory, circuit exercise and practical training class, and after examining the learning psychology and behaviors of the students receiving practical training at a female fitness center in a district of Kaohsiung City, the paper collected relevant information to explore the learning psychology and behaviors of the students who took circuit exercise and practical training classes at the fitness center, and the effects that may be caused by personal and environmental factors associated with field theory.
Employing questionnaire survey and in-depth interview, and focusing on the related issues, the paper collected and compiled information obtained from the survey. Information was collected using questionnaire survey, from 170 students having taken the classes at the fitness center; and information of circuit exercise and practical training classes was collected using in-depth interview, from 6 students having taken the classes for over 2 years. Through SPSS statistical analysis and semi-structured interviews, some hypotheses were proposed according to the research framework, and the empirical findings obtained from the research were used discuss the correlation. Finally, the paper presented conclusions and suggestions. The research results are as follows: (1) The learning psychology and behaviors of the students taking circuit exercise and practical training classes have significant interaction with personal and environmental learning factors associated with field theory. (2) Different background factors of the students such as age, status, weekly exercise frequency and extents of weight loss, have significantly affected their learning psychology and behaviors, such as the personal learning factors and environmental learning factors. (3) The effects of personal factors associated with field theory on students are summarized below: 1. Increased workout-related knowledge; 2. The ability to operate circuit exercise equipment; 3. The coach’s level of concentration and attitude in explaining and demonstration; 4. Improved self-image; 5. Preventing obesity; 6. Improved self-confidence; 7. Acquiring workout method for body sculpting; and 8. Increased confidence to lose body fat. (4) The effects of environmental factors associated with field theory on students are summarized below: 1. The students are able to receive guidance and concern from coach at all times; 2. The students often encourage and care for each other; 3. The difficulty of operating the equipment is moderate level. 4. Classes can help individuals lose weight, lose fat and gain muscle; 5. The flexibility of learning schedule meets the needs of individuals; 6. The safe learning environment is exclusively for females; 7. The habit of exercising is cultivated; 8. Their physical functions are improved; 9. Their self-image and charm are increased; and 10. A positive attitude of persisting and not giving up is developed. (5) For these students taking circuit exercise and practical training classes, in terms of personal factors associated with field theory, their learning psychological and behaviors are positively related to their learning motivation, learning attitude, learning initiative and learning enthusiasm. On the other hand, environmental factors associated with field theory are positively related to self-confidence in learning.
Summarizing the above research results, conclusions are drawn: teaching methods including using safe hydraulic circuit equipment, staying around students to give guidance and care, encouraging and praising students in time, conducting individualized interviews and health education, offering interactive classes and sharing experience can be referred to by teachers when teaching workout classes.