Dewey宗教哲學發展歷程研究

On the development of Dewey's Religious Philosophy

Dewey 獨特的非神論(nontheism) 1宗教哲學觀的建立，歷經了漫長的過程始告白於世。本文探究宗教哲學觀形成的歷程，瞭解在不同時期 Dewey 對於宗教的想法，有助我們瞭解 Dewey 宗教哲學，避免在應用時有所誤解，並可進一步研究宗教哲學對於教育哲學影響的基礎研究。研究發現，Dewey 據以重建哲學及宗教之形上學思想歷經多次的改變，從受直覺主義影響，到接受黑格爾唯心主義與絕對主義，後發展經驗主義、自然主義的形上學。Dewey 揚棄哲學與宗教中之二元論，主張將宗教性的態度從制度性宗教中釋放出來，建立其非神論的宗教哲學；藉此，杜威期盼人類能善用科學方法改善生活，同時在面對自然時仍保有宗教性的敬虔心態，期盼人類擁有能發展智力、促進民主運作與善用科學的共同信仰，通過哲學傳承人類寶貴的智慧。

The establishment of Dewey's unique nontheistic religious philosophy took a long process before it was confessed to the world. This article explores the history of the formation of religious philosophy and understands Dewey's thoughts on religion in different periods. It helps us understand Dewey's religious philosophy, avoid misunderstandings in its application, and can further study the basic research of the influence of religious philosophy on educational philosophy. The study found that Dewey’s metaphysical thoughts based on the transformation of philosophy and religion have undergone many changes, from being influenced by intuitionism, to accepting Hegelian idealism and absolutism, and later developing empiricism and naturalistic metaphysics, to his later years. Dewey gives up the dualism between philosophy and religious philosophy and advocates the release of religious attitude/experience from institutional religion. He developed a nontheistic philosophy of religion, which he hoped would enable man to use the scientific method to improve his life, while retaining a religious piety in the face of nature. Dewey hoped that mankind could have a common belief to develop intelligence, promote democratic life and make good use of science, and pass on the precious wisdom of mankind through philosophy.