學前兒童的社會發展和社會凝聚力

Preschool Children’s Social Development and Social Cohesion

孩子和大人一樣，都是社會的一份子。孩子也有發展社會化的本能，這是孩子必須學會創造自己、適應環境的社會發展過程。孩子的社會化過程是在不同的階段發展起來的，孩子在 0-3 歲是心理的胚胎期，他們有能力發展出許多不同的能力，這些能力在星雲（Nebula）階段中表達並儲存在孩子的腦海中。從 3 到 6歲，孩子試圖將意識或意識解釋為社會化的結果。這意味著當成年人為了交流而與孩子交談時，孩子傾向於將我們所說的內容加以內化。本研究運用蒙台梭利理論的理論框架來解釋構成兒童社會發展基礎的發展屬性，以及兒童的社會發展是如何從出生進而形成社會凝聚力的階段歷程。這項研究的結果表明，兒童的潛意識力量有牧內美（Mneme）、賀爾美（Horme）、星雲（Nebula），支持兒童的敏感時期執行成長中兒童的主要任務：自我建設和適應兒童環境。此外，研究還指出兒童的社會發展經歷了三個階段。（1）出生至 3 歲兒童第一階段-自我建構與兒童人格發展，（2）3-6 歲兒童第二階段-情懷凝聚，（3）兒童第三階段 6-12 歲-社會凝聚力通過意志。織布機的隱喻形像以及孩子社會發展和社會凝聚力的 3 個階段也已討論。本研究有助於呈現和實現每個孩子最大潛力的美好成果。蒙台梭利方法提供的教育形式不僅限於機械式的認知發展，而是整體涉及人類發展的各個方面，因此與新興世界觀的品質非常吻合。

Children, like adults, are social beings. Children also have social instinct, which is a social development process that children must learn to create themselves and adapt to the environment. The child’s process of socialization is developed in different stages, children have the mental embryonic period from 0-3 years old, they can develop many different capacities expressed in a nebula and stored in children’s mind. From 3-to 6 years old, the child tries to explain consciousness or awareness as the result of socialization. This means that when the adults talk to the child for the sake of communication, the child tends to internalize what we uttered. This study used the theoretical framework of Montessori’s theories to explain the developmental attributes of the child that form the foundation of social development and how is the child’s social development from birth and social cohesion. The findings of this study indicate that there are the unconscious powers of the child as Horme, Mneme, Nebulae, the sensitive periods to support the children implement the main tasks of the growing child: Self-construction and adaptation to children’s environment. Besides, the study also points out the children’s social development spends 3 stages. The first stage for children from birth to 3 years old – self-construct and development of the child's personality, (2) The second stage for children from 3-6 years old – cohesion by sentiment, (3) The third stage for children from 6-12 years old - social cohesion by will. The metaphorical image of the loom and the 3 stages of the child’s social development and social cohesion was discussed in the study. The study contributes to presenting and bringing about the beautiful fruition of each child’s greatest potential. The Montessori approach provides a form of education that is not limited to mechanistic cognitive development, but integrally involves all aspects of human development, and is thus well-aligned with the qualities of the emerging worldview – Education helps learners to reach their potentials.