中小學學生素養如何學習與評量？

How Competencies Can Be Learned and Assessed for Elementary and Secondary School Students?

從教育史的分析來看，傳統主義與進步主義在學校教育的場域中互相對立。經濟合作暨發展組織在「2030 未來教育與技能」計畫中提出「2030 學習羅盤」，採取學習羅盤的隱喻是強調學生在學習上要能自我領航，學習羅盤確認學習的內在價值，學習需要學校及社會情境的連結。聯合國教科文組織發表的 2050年「教育的未來：學習成長」報告書即旨在如何重新構想知識和學習，能夠塑造人類和地球未來的全球倡議。從教育史的考察及上述國際組織皆以教育的未來為題，且聚焦在確認學習的本質。「轉向學習」無疑是未來教育的趨勢，未來的學習是無時無刻的，生活與學校的整合成為新常態。為了適應複雜與不確定性以期待更好的未來，每位學習者皆須具備轉化的素養。本文從目前仍待努力的素養導向學習與評量兩個面向，來探討十二年國教課程核心素養的實踐。首先，探討核心素養的概念與養成；其次，討論素養導向學習的樣貌、學習型態與方法；最後，論述素養導向評量的依據與原則、策略與步驟、發展與問題，以及可行途徑。

The history of education reveals the tenacity with which traditionalists and progressivists continue to be incompatible in schooling. The OECD Learning Compass 2030 sets out an aspirational vision for the future of education. The metaphor of a learning compass is adopted to emphasize the need for students to learn to navigate by themselves. It recognizes the intrinsic value of learning by elaborating a wide range and types of learning within a broad structure, and acknowledges that learning does not only happen in schools. The main theme of the UNESCO report on “Futures of education: Learning to become” aims at a global initiative to reimagine how knowledge and learning can shape the future of humanity and the planet. The inquiry into the history of education and the reports of OECD and UNESCO have mapped the future of education, focusing on the essence of learning. A turn to learning is at the heart of education, within which integrates life and school as the new normal. In order to adapt to uncertainty, and be able to help shape a better future, every learner needs to be equipped with certain transformative competencies. This paper intends to focus on the neglected competency-based dimension of learning and assessment, exploring the implementation of competency-oriented education for 12-Year Basic Education Curriculum. First of all, the concepts of core competency and its cultivation are examined. Secondly, aspects, models and methods of competency-based learning have been scrutinized. Finally, the principles, strategies, problems and feasible approaches are discussed for future actions.