學童視力保健計畫推動成效之探討──以某縣視力保健校群學校為例

Discussion on the effect of school children's vision health program-Taking a county vision health school group as an example

背景：近視是屈光異常問題中對學幼童視力威脅最大的疾病，盛行率逐年攀升，台灣盛行率高達70%以上，北部某縣市學童近視盛行率高於其他縣市。目的：本研究主要目的在了解北部某縣市整體性的推動視力保健計畫，對校群學校學生視力保健行為及裸視視力不良率的成效。方法：推動的對象為北部某縣市視力保健計畫校群學校的學生，共計16848位。在103年9月至104年5月期間，以Beattie's健康促進模式作為主要推動的理論依據，包括政策執行、群體發展、健康教育及個別輔導等四個內涵進行視力保健的推動策略。結果：1.學生用眼30分鐘休息10分鐘、每天使用3C產品時間不超過2小時、下課走出教室活動、每天戶外上課至少一節及回家功課增加動態活動等項目，後測比前測的百分比有明顯的增加。2.同一群體的裸視視力不良率，103比102學年增加的比率明顯低於全國。結論：以Beattie's健康促進模式應用在某縣校群學校視力保健計畫，能增加學生視力保健行為的比率，並減緩學生裸視視力不良率上升的速度。

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the result of students' health vision behaviors and the rate of uncorrected visual acuity in a health vision program. Methods: A total of 16,848 school children from school vision health clusters participated in this study in a city of northern Taiwan. The program was implemented from September 2014 to May 2015. The Beattie's health promotion model was used and 4 elements including policy, aggregate development, health education, and personal counselling were adopted as an implementing strategy. Results: Students' behaviors in the pretest such as taking 10-minute rest after 30-minute near distance work, electronics usage of less than 2 hours, leaving classrooms at recess time, an outdoor class each day, and homework engaged in outdoor activity were significantly increased in the posttest. The increasing rates of uncorrected visual acuity were lower than the nationwide average from 2013 to 2014 in school vision health clusters. Conclusions: The Beattie's health promotion model can be used as a basis to increase the rate of health vision behaviors and to decrease the rate of uncorrected visual acuity among school children. Moreover, the model can be also used to assist slowing down the rate of uncorrected visual acuity.