學校護理師災難醫療救援課程介入成效研究

Effectiveness of the Intervention of Disaster Medical Assistance Course on School Nurses

目的：本研究在探討實施災難醫療救援課程介入對研究對象災難知識、態度、自我效能之成效。方法：本研究為單組前、後測類實驗設計，以北部某縣市學校護理師為研究對象、「災難醫療救援課程」為介入重點，內容包括國家防災醫療體系與災難醫療隊之介紹、事件現場指揮系統、大量傷病檢傷分類及演練、災難與大量傷患醫療之基本原則、災民收容所的開設與運作及桌上演練等共5小時，以問卷收集資料共計69份，有效回收率100%。採用描述性及推論性統計分析，並以成對樣本t檢定考驗課程介入前後的成效。結果：災難醫療救援課程介入能顯著提升研究對象之災難相關知識和自我效能，參加災難訓練之護理師對課程安排持正面評價，也認同災難護理專科化發展。結論：災難醫療救援課程對研究對象面對災難準備是有助益。建議：可將災難應變列為醫護教育課程中、並由政府整合人力資料庫，規劃完善支援制度，以迅速啟動災難應變工作。

Objective: This study was to discuss the effectiveness of the intervention of the disaster medical assistance course on the research participants and to see if their knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy toward disaster were being improved. Methods: This study was a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. The participants of this study were the school nurses in a county/city of northern Taiwan, and the major intervention was the 'disaster medical assistance course,' including the introduction of the National Disaster Medical System (NDMS) and the Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT), the Incident Command System (ICS), the triage and practice of a mass casualty incident, the basic medical principle of the disaster and Multiple Casualty Incident (MCI), the establishment, operation of the refugee shelters, and the table top exercise for five hours, and so on. The data collection was based on the pretest and the posttest questionnaire survey, and there were 69 valid samples, which presented a 100% of valid response rate. The statistic analysis adopted by the study was both descriptive and inferential, and the results were from the paired sample t-test to show if there was any effectiveness of the intervention of the course mentioned above or not. Results: By the intervention of the course of disaster medical assistance, the knowledge and self-efficacy toward disaster of the participants were significantly improved. The participants held positive views about being trained to deal with the disaster, and recognized the future professional development of disaster nursing. Conclusion: The disaster medical assistance course is helpful for the research participants to face disaster preparedness. Recommendations: The disaster response can be listed in the medical education curriculum, and the government can integrate the human resources database and plan a comprehensive support system to quickly start the disaster response work.