漢譯佛典帶「與O＋俱」套接式主題鏈的構成及其成因

The Composition of Telescopic Chains with the“Yu與O+ Ju俱”Clause in Chinese-Translated Buddhist Scriptures and Reasons for Its Construction

漢譯佛典開場套語使用帶「與O＋俱」套接式主題鏈相當頻繁。該語段以「與O＋俱」小句接合動、靜兩個主題鏈：起首主題鏈是包含「與O＋俱」小句所構成的順承語段；後接主題鏈則是由回指前句介詞賓語「O」的零形回指語作為主題，進而構成明語段。佛典中「與O＋俱」的O有引進新主題的功能，連接起後接主題鏈，這是漢譯佛典獨有的特點。該結構的產生的根本原因在於梵、漢兩種語言類型差異，梵語採用形態作為句法關係的表達手段，漢語則以語序。落實翻譯層面，譯者採仿譯原典語序以於開篇樹立漢譯佛典文體風格。儘管如此，動、靜接合的敘述文體在先秦書面語已然存在，體現在此則個案中，因翻譯產生的信息組織方式不超出漢語既有小句合成模式。

This paper examines the information structure of the opening formula in Chinese-translated Buddhist scriptures, which contains two topic chains of continuation and elaboration that are telescoped with the clause“yu O + ju”與O +俱. The beginning topic chain is a relation of continuation in sentences that contain“yu O + ju”; the second is an explanatory sentence group in which the object of the preposition is under the domain of the zero anaphora. The“O”from the clause“yu O + ju”having the function of leading a new topic is the unique feature in Chinese Buddhist scriptures, and the main reason for its creation lies in the difference of language typology between Sanskrit and Chinese: the former, a synthetic language, uses inflection to express syntactic relationships within a sentence; the latter, an analytic language, utilizes word orders. Implementing planes of translation, translators used morpheme-to-morpheme translation (so-called calques or loan translation) to establish a specific style from the beginning of the scriptures. Nevertheless, a narrative style including both continuation and elaboration has already existed since pre-Qin written language. In this case within the present paper, the information structure produced via translation does not go beyond the existing pattern of clause complexes in Chinese.