周作人早期宗教視域及漢語小說論述的轉折

The Early Religious Perspective of Zhou Zuoren and the Transformation of Discourses on Chinese Novels

本文旨在探論西方宗教思維在中國現代小觀念變革中的推動意義。以周作人早期大量的小論述為起點，本文試圖析解周氏五四「言志」文學觀的源流結構。在具體操作上，本文首先追索青年周作人的宗教思維，如何與其小論述產生共構關係，從而介入其小觀念的構成。其次，重探周作人的「言志」論述，分梳他如何借鑑西方宗教精神資源，進行本土轉化，一則連結傳統詩學，二則導入基督教的人性結構，區分「人」的型態與「情感」模式，以此拓展晚清以來的小觀念。周作人作為從「晚清」進入「五四」的過渡型人物，以此為視角，或能在早期傳教士入華的視野下，持續推動其對漢語革新的意義。

The present article discusses how modes of Western religious thought have influenced the conceptual transformation of modern Chinese novels. Based on Zhou Zuoren’s周作人(1885-1967) early discourses on fiction, this article attempts to analyze the formation of his“expressing aspiration”言志literary viewpoint during the May Fourth Movement. To begin, the manner in which young Zhou’s religious thought correlated with his discourses on novels and entered the conceptual structure of his writings is discussed. Secondly, this article reexamines Zhou’s“expressing aspiration”discourses, analyzing how he localized spiritual resources of Western religious beliefs with references to traditional poetics and the human nature of Christianity, from which he differentiated“human”characteristics and modes of“feeling,”developing the concept of the novel from the late Qing dynasty onwards. Zhou himself had experienced life from the late Qing to the May Fourth Movement, and based on this background as well as the influences introduced to China by early missionaries, he continuously promoted related notions within the evolution of the Chinese language.