日本愛努民族的，原住民族文化資產保存歷程與課題

Ainu Indigenous People's Cultural Heritage Protection Development and Challenge in Japan

愛努民族為日本的原住民族，其文化資產的特殊性，長年以來被日本政府所忽視，導致愛努民族文化流失。本文梳理日本文化財保存制度的發展脈絡，探討國家的文化資產保存制度下原住民族文化資產保存課題。透過二戰前至今愛努文化財保存概況，發現愛努文化財被視為一般國民或是地方的文化財，被迫適用於大和民族所訂定的文化財保護制度與思維。本文藉由愛努民族文化財的案例，反映出原住民族文化資產保存中，維護原住民族主體性的重要性，因此，推動原住民族文化資產保存再利用之際，除了尊重族人自發性意願外，仍須落實族人主導、參與、詮釋、知情同意、告知等權利，讓原住民族文化資產回歸民族自決。

Over a century, the Ainu Indigenous People's unique cultural heritage in Japan has been marginalized by the Japanese government, leading to Ainu cultural disappearance. By organizing context of Japan's cultural properties institution, this paper is trying to discuss various issues of Indigenous People's cultural heritage under the government's cultural properties protection system. Meanwhile, it is presented an overview on the preservation of Ainu cultural properties from prewar stage to the present, discovering Ainu cultural properties forced to be defined as either a part of national or local cultural properties by protection system constructed by Yamato people. This case study on Ainu cultural properties echoes the importance of indigenous people's subjectivity for the preservation of Indigenous People's cultural heritage. Hence, by activating the cultural property conservation and reuse of ethnic natives, it's not only to put respect on its spontaneous will, but also has to dig into the rights on leading, attending, interpreting, knowing and awareness to return self-determination on ethnic natives' cultural property.