鄭、清澎湖海戰的戰術與策略

The tactics and strategies of the Penghu sea battle between the Zheng and the Qing Dynasty

鄭、清澎湖海戰為清朝初期於海上進行的最大規模戰役。此次戰役，清朝勢在必得，鄭氏王朝則是存亡之保衛戰，雙方精銳盡出，作一決戰。鄭氏藉由地利之勢，以戰船配合岸上砲台，運用聯防之策略以逸待勞，並在大戰初期給予清朝水師痛擊，但在施琅改變戰術之後，戰情急轉直下，數小時的戰鬥使得鄭氏水師潰不成軍，幾被殲滅，最後導致鄭氏軍隊士氣瓦解，政權崩裂。此次戰役鄭、清雙方的水師將領、戰船樣式皆承自於明朝，這也是一場以明朝將領為主的戰爭。大戰前清廷已有數年之準備，鄭氏則是在匆忙間應戰。戰船的種類以明朝時期所使用的鳥船及趕繒船為主，再配以艍船及槳船等小型船隻。雖然雙方戰船數量相當，但清朝的戰船因新造，在結構及性能上相對較佳，換言之，鄭軍的戰船使用年限已久，較為老舊，船隻結構較不穩固，故在武器配備上清廷略占上風。本文將從大戰前雙方之準備狀況，以及戰爭期間的謀略運用，來論述影響此戰爭的相關因素，再進一步探討鄭氏王朝及清朝之成勝敗原由。

"The Penghu sea battle between the Zheng 鄭 and the Qing Dynasty was the largest battle at sea in the early Qing Dynasty. This was the battle the Qing Dynasty had to win, and this was also the battle of survival for the Zheng Dynasty. Both sides gathered all their elites to make a decisive battle. Zheng, with the geographical strength and the fort batteries on shore, used the joint defense strategy waiting at ease for the approaching Qing navy, which was bashed early in the battle. However, after Shi Lang 施琅 changed the tactics, the situation quickly turned worse for the Zheng. After hours of fighting, Zheng Navy was wiped out and almost annihilated. The outcome broke down the morale of Zheng's military and finally led to the collapse of the regime. In this battle, both Zheng's and Qing's navy generals and the styles of warships were inherited from the Ming Dynasty. This was a battle led by the former Ming Dynasty generals. Qing government had several years to prepare before the war, but Zheng was in a rush to fight. The main types of warships used during the battle, also used during the Ming Dynasty, were the Bird Boat and the Pursuer, paired with some small vessels like the Watercraft and the Galley. Although both sides were with similar amount of warships, the Qing's warships were newly built with superior structure and performance. The Zheng's older warships had been used for years, with less stable structure.Therefore, the Qing got the upper hand in terms of weapons. My article will look into both sides' preparation before the battle and the strategies used during, and try to explore from these war-related factors, the reasons for the Qing Dynasty's victory the Zheng Dynasty's defeat. "