伊斯蘭「復興──改革」傳統：論al-Shafi'i（768-820）、al-Ghazali（1058-1111）與Sirhindi（1564-1624）的理念

"Islamic Tajdid-cum-Islah Tradition: The Ideologies of al-Shafi 'i(768-820), al-Ghazali(1058-1111), and Sirhindi(1564-1624)"

綜觀伊斯蘭歷史，諸多穆斯林思想家與知識分子不斷地審視伊斯蘭各知識領域的教授、傳播與實踐。這些對伊斯蘭教義、思想再省思的實踐廣義地被視為伊斯蘭的「復興（Tajdid）與改革（Islah）」。本文探討了西元第九到十六世紀之間，伊斯蘭復興改革理念的變化與發展歷程，特別集中在三位代表性人物之復興改革理念的解析。透過本研究顯示，即使這三位思想家來自於不同的時空背景，而且各自有不同伊斯蘭學科領域理念，他們皆以促使伊斯蘭的與時俱進為己任，使之得以因應各種新挑戰，而在不同的時空環境中保持伊斯蘭原有的動力。本文探討的三位思想家分別是Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i（768-820）、Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali（1058-1111）與Ahmad Sirhindi（1564-1624）。這三位思想家雖然各自生處於不同的社會文化環境，但皆透過ljtihad（獨立理性推斷）的原則致力於伊斯蘭教義的詮釋與振興，這顯示一千多年來伊斯蘭復興改革傳統持續不斷的生命力。

"Throughout the history of Islam, Muslim thinkers and intellectuals have been reflecting the ways how various branches of Islamic knowledge s were taught, disseminated and practiced. These efforts of reflection have been broadly termed as Tajdid (Revival) and Islah (Reform). This article attempts to examine the concepts of Islah and Tajdid between the 9^(th) and the 16^(th) centuries. It focuses on three eminent thinkers known as the major proponents of Tajdid and Islah. This study shows that even though these thinkers lived in different eras, they shared the same objective of reviving Islamic teachings to cope with new internal and external societal challenges, while retaining its dynamism. The thinkers explored are Muhammad ibn Idris al -Shafi'i(768-820), Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali (1058-1111), and Ahmad Sirhindi(1564-1624). While hailing from different epochs, these thinkers were engaged in the reformation and revitalization of Islamic teachings through the adaptation of Ijtihad(independent reasoning) principle that keeps the ongoing vitality of Tajdid and Islah for over a millennium."