親子作業中家長教養行為與幼兒自主行為之研究

The study of parenting behaviors and children’s autonomous behaviors in parent-child task

本研究觀察親子作業中，家長教養與幼兒自主行為互動的特色與相關性。研究方法是觀察錄影113對親子共同搭積木的過程並轉成逐字稿依此進行內容分析。結果顯示家長與幼兒搭積木時大多混合使用控制、結構、支持自主的教養行為。家長主要採用結構或控制的教養行為，非支持自主教養，表示家長仍受管教文化的影響。再者，家長教養與幼兒自主行為有顯著相關：如家長採結構教養，幼兒多能表達想法或默默服從。若採用支持自主教養，孩子多可自我修正，獨立搭成積木。若採控制教養且親子關係和諧，幼兒多以正向控制行為與家長合作或默默服從。若家長重複介入幼兒行為，易引發幼兒反抗家長。此結果有助理解文獻呈現控制教養對子女行為有正負不同影響。

"This study consisted two aims. These aims were (1) to describe the characteristics of parenting styles and children's autonomous behaviors during parent-child task, and (2) to analyze the correlation between the parenting behavior and children’s autonomous behavior. 113 parent-child dyads were invited to participate in the block building task. The parentchild’s interactions were videotaped and transcribed into verbatim. The verbatim manuscripts were analyzed according to the parent-child interaction coding system. The results showed that the parents adopted a mixture of various parenting behaviors, and mainly adopt structured or controlled parenting behaviors. Parenting behaviors were significantly related to children's autonomous behaviors. When parents guided children through structure parenting, children often cooperated with their parents or followed without too much thinking. The autonomy supportive parents guided children in response to children’s questions; children can make self-correction or build blocks independently. When parents adopted controlling parenting and the parent-child relationship was harmonious, children often followed the guidance of the parents and cooperated with the parents with positive self-control behaviors. However, if parents repeatedly intervened in children's behavior, children tended to resist parent' instruction. The result may explain why controlling parenting has positive and negative effects on children's behavior in some research."