公共衛生預警原則和機制建構研究

公共衛生預警原則以保障生命健康權、風險防控、效率和正當程序為價值取向，具備良好的適法性，應當確立為《傳染病防治法》的基本原則。科學不確定性原理是預警原則的核心依據，是構建預警機制的基本遵循。質言之，預警本身不需要以扎實、充分的科學依據為支撐，而是基於概率性預測，即可發佈預測信息。預警機制與常規疫情監測機制在屬性上有本質差別。建構和完善預警機制，需要獨立設置專業性預警機構，制定嚴密高效的信息搜集、風險評估、信息發佈程序。同時，需要把握時間窗口，及時發佈預警，防患於未然或避免損害擴大。

"The value orientation of the public health early warning principle is to protect the right to life and health, prevent and control risks, ensure efficiency and due process. It has good legitimacy and should be established as the basic principle of China's Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Act. The theory of scientific uncertainty is the theoretical basis and core of the precautionary principle and mechanism. Precaution itself does not demand adequate scientific basis, but is based on probabilistic prediction, which are inherently different from the monitoring mechanism. To construct and improve the precautionary mechanism, it is necessary to set up a professional and independent precautionary institution, to formulate strict and efficient procedures for information collection, risk assessment and information release and to grasp the time window and issue precaution in time to avoid or expand damage."