真實職業資格於矯正機關人員招募考試，分定男女錄取名額之適法性探討

A Study on the Legality of the Bona Fide Occupational Qualification in the Recruitment Examination of Correctional Institutions

受到矯正工作特性影響，以及聯合國相關人權公約之規範下，長期以來，我國矯正機關有關收容人之安置按其性別嚴為分界，並依照收容人之性別配置同性別之第一線戒護人員，亦即採行「同性戒護」模式。由於女性收容人占全般收容人的比率不到一成，使得女性戒護人員之人數亦僅占一成左右。然在所有公務機關特種人員考試類科中，目前僅有矯正機關及法警招考仍分定男女錄取比率的情況下，矯正機關人力進用政策屢屢遭受外界質疑。為探討我國監獄官及監所管理員之核心工作職能與真實職業資格，本研究經由舉辦兩階段深度訪談、兩次焦點團體座談，以及針對戒護人員進行問卷調查後，主要有以下四項發現：一、戒護人員核心職能不分性別；二、戒護人員認為最重要的三個核心職能依序為：管理技巧、矯正法律知識及人際互動技巧；三、目前我國在第一線戒護人力嚴重不足情況下，為維護女性戒護人員與收容人權益，性別可作為矯正機關的真實職業資格；四、現況下分定男女錄取名額雖有正當性，但仍應朝逐漸開放之方向前進。

"Affected by the characteristics of correctional work and under the norms of the relevant United Nations human rights conventions, for a long time, the correctional institutions in Taiwan have placed strict boundaries on the placement of inmates according to their gender, and allocated first-line guards of the same sex according to the gender of the inmates. That is to say, the ''same sex guard'' model is adopted. Since female inmates account for less than 10% of all inmates, the number of female guards only accounts for about 10%. However, among all the special personnel recruitment examinations of public service agencies, only correction agencies and bailiffs enrollment still set the admission ratio of male and female. This measure has resulted in public suspicion and challenge. In order to explore the core job functions and bona fide occupational qualifications of prison officers and prison administrators in Taiwan, this study conducted two-stage in-depth interviews, two focus group discussions, and a questionnaire survey of guards. The following four findings were found in this research : 1. The core functions of guards do not distinguish between genders; 2. The three core functions considered by guards are the most important in order: management skills, legal knowledge of corrections, and interpersonal interaction skills; 3. Currently, because of a serious shortage of the front line guard manpower, gender can be used as the bona fide occupational qualification in corrections to protect the rights and interests of female guards and inmates; 4. Although the quotas for male and female admissions are legitimate under current circumstances, they should still be gradually opened up."