改造尺度，治理愛滋：全球民族誌觀點

Governing AIDS, Rescaling the Social: A Global Ethnography Perspective

愛滋治理是全球衛生治理中最重要的其中一部份。過去三十多年間，全球愛滋治理的研究大量增加，橫跨諸多領域。本文從全球民族誌的觀點，回顧檢視幾篇跨國愛滋治理的經驗研究，思考不同社會尺度如何被重新打造。全球民族誌的觀點反對「黑盒化」全球化；相反地，它視全球化為特定政治經濟力量、文化符碼或社會關係，是跨越空間與尺度的產物，它致力於發掘不同行動者如何想像、塑造和經驗跨尺度的社會關係。這般研究取徑有助於我們了解，特定地域的愛滋治理如何牽連於多層次的力量關係之中：從國際與跨國組織、國家、市民社會團體，到身體與主體。此外，藉由回顧這些研究中關於新自由主義的討論，本文指出，新自由主義對於愛滋治理的影響不僅止於政治經濟面向，也包括了在組織實作、日常生活，與主體形構等層次上的責任化效應。最後，本文提出幾個未來研究方向，期望推進同時具有跨國與在地觀點的愛滋和健康治理研究。

Over the past three decades, HIV/AIDS has become a central global health concern, and studies on the global governance of AIDS have also increased signifi cantly. Drawing on a global ethnography perspective, this article offers a review of several empirical studies on AIDS governance in transnational contexts, with a focus on the making and remaking of social scales in transnational processes. Instead of “black-boxing” globalization, a methodology of global ethnography views globalization as a product of specifi c political, economic, cultural, or social projects; it seeks to unpack the ways in which social relations across sites and scales are imagined, built, and experienced by situated actors. This review article demonstrates that research on AIDS governance may benefit from such an approach by incorporating an analysis of how multi-scalar power relations are implicated in AIDS responses located in certain areas. Moreover, in the review, the article highlights some of the salient political implications of neoliberalism for AIDS governance, including the responsibilization of the nongovernmental sector and the entrepreneurialization of patient subjects. It concludes with a reflection on potential directions for future work on AIDS governance that involve a grounded perspective of globalization.