審議民主及其不滿：以參與式預算先驅計畫的質疑或反對理由為例（2015－2018）

Deliberative Democracy and Its Discontents: An Analysis of Pioneering Participatory Budgeting Projects in Taiwan (2015-2018)

本文以2015至2018年間台灣的多項先驅型參與式預算計畫為例，檢視參與式預算推廣過程中所遭遇的質疑和反對理由。經由濃縮各種質疑或反對理由，帶領讀者一窺公民參與及其不滿。累積184份深度訪談和長期的參與觀察，廣泛蒐集各種不滿或質疑論述作為研究資料，我們發現，行動者對於參與式預算的質疑與不滿可能發生在它的「籌備、宣傳和培育」、「住民大會審議討論」、「精緻化方案」、「方案展示與投票」以及「方案執行與監督」等五個階段。這些質疑主要包含「對參與式預算操作與執行的不滿」、「對審議民主價值與內涵的質疑反思」和「對新型態公共參與模式和民主政治關係的評斷」等面向。本文也藉著分析公民參與審議民主實作的經驗與感受，梳理行動者們如何理解並看待審議民主及對民主政治日常運作的想像，並建議應當由整理反對參與式預算的諸多理由與其隱含的理想為起點，找尋方法來進一步強化參與式預算運作並改善台灣的公民參與。

While participatory budgeting (PB) has been promoted and conducted in many cities in various countries for decades, the “PB boom” did not occur in Taiwan until 2015. Employing several pioneering PB projects in Taiwan as examples, this article examines discontents among heterogeneous social actors in response to the promotion of PB and analyzes the reasons behind such discontents by conducting 184 indepth interviews and long-term participant observations. Using various discourses, the discontents oppose PB at its propagandizing and recruiting stage, its deliberative-discussing stage, its project-executing stage, and its budget-cancellation stage. These discontents can be further categorized as doubts about PB's practical executions, reconsiderations about the values and content of deliberative democracy, judgements about the relationships between new modes of public participation and democratic politics, and so on. To consider how to further promote PB, we should first confront the discontents, then we can manage ways to justify and improve citizen participation in Taiwan. Moreover, we suggest that this article encapsulates the reasons behind the objections to citizen participation in general.