金農的畫梅題記之探討

Analysis of Jin Nong's Postscripts on Plums Paintings

揚州八怪之一的金農學識淵博，每畫必有題記，其所題畫作，以梅、竹、花果植物為多，本文擬以其〈畫梅題記〉為範圍，探討金農於題記中所說明的畫中意涵。金農畫梅，自畫自題，進而賦與畫中圖象深層寓意，傳達畫外之趣，其〈題梅畫記〉內容，均可歸納兩大類：一是託物寄興、個人人生的寫照，此是其不隨流俗的個性表現，也傳達知音難遇的感慨，及對故友家鄉的懷想；雖為謀生作畫，但在題記中可知作畫是其舒展自我的空間，也可舒緩其生活中的辛酸困頓之情。另一是冬心繪畫創作與鑑賞的相關理論，其主張師法前人創作，不求形似，著重在與前人作畫精神契合，並藉此創新作畫技巧，以形成自己特有的風格。金農為人雖率性，但在創作上是採嚴謹的態度，在繪畫前審慎醞釀、苦心經營，意在筆先，巧思佈局才落筆創作。金農畫梅尤愛「江路野梅」，以展現畫梅絕俗清高的風格，這是他對畫梅題材的認識；進而轉化為稱讚其他畫者不慕榮利的清高品格，隱然形成以人品論畫的鑑賞觀。冬心藉題記文字的「提示」，引發觀畫者產生時間的流動、氣候、嗅覺、聽覺、觸覺等多層感觀，畫瘦梅、咽酸香，藉由嗅覺感觀表達畫外之意，雖酸猶香，是畫者的自況，借文字的引發，進而讓觀者體會畫家的心境，以「多物外之賞」。其題記融入畫面，有平衡畫面的功用；又以自創的「漆書」書寫題記，表現古拙的金石筆意，成為其書畫共賞的獨詣絕學。

Jin Nong, one of Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics, is a profound and erudite man, who loves to write postscripts for his own paintings. The present article is aimed to analyze the ideas conveyed in the postscripts for Jin Nong's paintings. There are two different styles in his ''Postscripts on Plum Paintings.'' The first category is for confiding personal feelings toward life hardship, homesickness, and nostalgias through ordinary objects and sceneries. The other is about the theories for creating and appreciating Jin Nong's paintings. He imitates earlier artistic creations with their spirituality instead of external similarities in order to recreate novel and one-of-its-kind techniques in painting and establish his unique style. In particular, Jin Nong loves to paint ''Plums Blossom along River,'' which exposes the extraordinary and lofty characteristics of plums. Jin Nong uses words to initiate the multiple senses of time flow, atmosphere, smell, hearing, touch and thus enhance the viewers' appreciation of his paintings. His postscripts are also merged into his paintings and further provide balanced appreciating experiences. The writing style he created, Painting Font, is largely used for writing postscripts and has become a unique skill of personal charisma.