自由主義者從政的悲劇──論「吳國楨事件」及其始末

The Tragedy of a Liberalist Who Pursues a Political Career: On the Whole Story of the“Guo-zhen Wu Incident”

50年代初，國府播遷來台後，蔣痛定思痛，在短短的幾年內，完成黨、政、軍、特系統的改造與國民黨的再造，黨內的權力分配起了天翻地覆的變化。為爭取「美援」，蔣起用了一批具有留學歐美背景的自由主義份子，進入政府權力核心。這批具自由主義思想的國民黨要員有：吳鼎昌、王寵惠、張嘉璈、魏道明、王世杰、吳國楨等人。該系人物多為留學英美的高級知識份子，與胡適、雷震等黨外自由主義份子的關係也比較密切，在美國人的心目中形象較好，也可用來妝點民主門面。於是，王世杰擔任了總統府秘書長，吳國楨任命為台灣省政府主席，在國府來台初期，都是權傾一時的政治人物。唯「韓戰」爆發後，情勢丕變，蔣知道美國依賴台灣之重要戰略地位，不可能棄其不顧，在「扶蔣保台」的戰略思維下，蔣再也不需要黨內這批自由主義份子為其爭取美援了。於是，在威權獨裁的政治肅殺下，終於發生了吳國楨與孫立人事件，此兩大事件，對爾後台灣「白色恐怖」的確立與對台灣民主政治的戕害，都影響至深且鉅。「孫立人事件」在孫將軍平反後，坊間對其研究已有相當多的成果，反觀「吳國楨事件」，因年代已久且吳客死美國，學界對其研究不多，成果亦相對有限。是以，本文即以「吳國楨事件」為研究對象，由吳國楨本人口述的傳記，參考當年的原始資料，詳細勾勒曾經在台灣政壇捲起千層浪的「吳國楨事件」；並論述其經緯始末和深遠影響。

In the early 1950s, after the Kuomintang government moved to Taiwan, Chiang was painfully determined to transform the party, government, military, and intelligence in just a few years. He thoroughly recreated Kuomintang. At that time, the power distribution within the party had changed dramatically. In order to strive for“American aid,”Chiang used a group of liberals who had studied in Europe and the United States to enter the core of government power. The members of the Kuomintang with liberal ideas include Ding-chang Wu, Chong-hui Wang, Jia-ao Zhang, Dao-ming Wei, Shi-jie Wang, Guo-zhen Wu, and others. Most of the major characters in the government were senior intellectuals studying in the United Kingdom and the United States. They were also closely related to Shi Hu, Zhen Lei, and other non-party liberals. They had a better image in the minds of Americans and could also be used to create a democratic facade. Therefore, Shi-jie Wang served as the secretary general of the Presidential Palace, and Guo-zhen Wu was appointed as the chairman of the Taiwan Provincial Government. In the early days of the government's coming to Taiwan, he was a political figure who had been loyal to the government. Only after the outbreak of the“Korean War”, the situation changed. Chiang knew that the United States relied on Taiwan's important strategic position and could not abandon its disregard. Under the strategic thinking of“helping Chiang Kai-shek and protecting Taiwan,”Chiang did not need the liberals within the party striving for US aid anymore. Thus, under the political murder of authoritarian dictatorship, the events of Guo-zhen Wu and Li-ren Sun finally took place. These two major events have had a profound impact on the establishment of Taiwan's“White Terror”and the murder of Taiwan's democratic politics. After the reconciliation of Genseeral Li-ren Sun, there had been quite a lot of achievements in research on Sun. In contrast, the“Guo-zhen Wu Incident”has been a long time and Wu died in the United States. The academic circles have not studied much and the results are relatively limited. Therefore, this paper takes the“Guo-zhen Wu Incident”as the research object, with the reference of the oral autobiography of Guo-zhen Wu, and the original materials of the year, outlines the“Guo-zhen Wu Incident”that once rolled up a thousand waves in Taiwan's political circles, and discusses its main points and long-lasting influence.