論鍾馗傳說與辟邪信仰的幾個面向

Several fields of Zhong Kui's legend and the belief in evil spirits

在原始信仰中人們認為疾病、災難，都由某種精靈、鬼物作祟，就像毒蛇、猛獸一樣，是可被驅逐的。古人用「以怪治怪」的辦法，認為相貌奇特的人往往具有神奇的稟性和不凡的本領。正因為如此，人們特別仰仗鍾馗恐怖醜陋的面貌來躲避厄運。透過許多前人的研究，我們可以瞭解到鍾馗的神話和傳說在不同時代中有著有著多種不同的說法。不過在其故事漸漸成型後，透過敦煌遺卷、一般史料、戲曲、小說、門神畫…等多種形式進行傳播。使鍾馗的故事融入了社會各階層人們的日常生活，在不同途徑、不同方式的流傳中，鍾馗形象漸漸由簡而繁、由模糊到清晰。唯雖故事豐富多采且深入宮廷、民間與辟邪信仰發生了緊密的結合，但卻因史料不足，在無新史料的情形之下，至今仍讓許多的研究學者對鍾馗的真正起源難下定論。

People in the original faith that the disease, disaster, by some kind of ghost's mischief, likesnakes, wild beasts, may be expelled. Ancients believe that looks strange is having a magical characterand extraordinary ability. Precisely because of this, people rely on the ugly face of Zhong Kui terroristto escape the doom.Many previous studies, we can understand the myths and legends of Zhong Kui has severaldifferent versions at different times. But its story is taking shape through the Dunhuang legacy volume,the general historical drama, novel, goalkeeper painting and other forms spread. Zhong Kui's storyinto the daily lives of people of all social strata, in different ways to spread the image of Zhong Kuigradually from the simple to the complex, from fuzzy to clear. Although the story is rich and varied, itcombine palace and exorcism closely, due to the lack of historical data, many of the scholars of ZhongKui are hard to delimit the true origin.