訓詁與義理之關係的詮釋學考察

An Hermeneutical Investigation of the Relationship Between Word-exegesis and Thought-understanding

本文的目的是透過經典詮釋學的觀點來處理中國哲學史上的訓詁與義理的關係問題。首先，分析惠棟、戴震對這個問題的見解。其次透過孟子對解經方法的論述以闡發其詮釋學思想，並因此看清訓詁與義理的關係問題，究其實，是「判斷字義與讀懂文句的關係」與「讀懂文句與理解義理的關係」兩問題；同時，也看清「文、辭、志」的詮釋學關係問題不僅可如Ast那樣從「部分與整體的關係」，更應從「名實關係」的角度，來考論。第三，透過具體的古典文獻的詮釋活動以照亮「文、辭、志」之間的兩種詮釋學循環；這個成果，一方面，廓清「訓詁明則義理明」一說所引起的迷霧，一方面，補足孟子詮釋學思想的不足。

The article makes an effort to solve the problem of the relationship between word-exegesis and thought-understanding within the historical context of Chinese philosophy by mostly relying upon the standpoint of Friedrich Ast's hermeneutics. The investigation begins by analyzing Hui-Dong and Dai-chen's ideas regarding the problem. Secondly, it proceeds by relating how Mencius expressed his hermeneutical thoughts. In particular, we see that the problem contains two tasks to be solved, namely, ''the relationship between word-exegesis and sentence-comprehension'' and ''the relationship between sentence-comprehension and thought-understanding''. Furthermore, the investigation shows that the problem should not only be treated under the hermeneutical perspective of the parts-and-the whole-relationship as Ast did, but more fundamentally under the perspective of the concept-reality-relationship. Thirdly, the author offers an illustration of how the difficulty of interpreting Hanfeitzu's concept of ''Hsing-Ming-Tsan-Tong'', and together with it, the semantic determination of the word ''Tsan'', may be overcome, which, together with Mencius' hermeneutical thoughts, sheds light on the relationship between word-exegesis, sentence comprehension and thought understanding. In light of the relationship between these three parts we establish a twofold hermeneutical circle which in turn allows the confusion caused by Dai-Chen's slogan, ''The thought of a text can only be understood when words are correctly construed'', to be cleared, and the hermeneutics of Mencius to be compensated.