警察遴選第三人蒐集資料之研究——以警察職權行使法規定為中心

Research on the Police Informant Selection for information collection -Focus on the Police Power Exercise Act.

警察遴選第三人蒐集特定治安所需資料，為警察職權行使法第12～13條所明定之警察職權。法治國家有關警察具體干預人民自由或權利之作為，應遵守法律保留原則。為達成警察治安任務，警察常委由第三人蒐集執法資料，此即須有法律授權與監督，不得恣意為之。警察遴選第三人蒐集資料須符合其目的性與必要性拘束，亦即應有實質必要之具體要件，而非僅是公共安全、防止危害、預防犯罪之抽象且概括因素，即對不特定之人蒐集資料，恐易遭致濫用，而不當侵害人民之基本權利。因此，警察人員對於警察職權行使法第12～13條的瞭解，配合主管機關的內部制約，再參考法院在相關判決上闡明其司法審查見解，亦可建立「警察遴選第三人蒐集資料」重要且專業之參考基準。

Police informant selection on information collection required for specific public security is exercising police powers specified in Articles 12 to 13 of the Police Power Exercise Act. For countries under the rule of law, the specific actions of police interfering with the people's freedom or rights shall be abided by the principle of legal reservation. To fulfill police security tasks, Police often delegate informants to collect law enforcement information. This delegation to informants by the police requires legal authorization & supervision and should not be done recklessly. Police selection of informants for information collection must be constrained by meeting its purpose and necessity. Police should also have the specific reasons for the necessity to collect information from nonspecific subjects and not just for abstract and general reasons such as public safety, harm prevention and criminal prevention or else it is easy for the police to abuse their power and violate the peoples' basic rights. Therefore, the principle and professional reference benchmark for ''Police selection of informants for information collection'' can be built on the police officer's understanding of Articles 12 to 13 of the Police Power Exercise Act with the internal control of the government authority and reference to the court on clarifications of its judicial review opinions on relevant judgments.