二十世紀蒙古獨立建國的三件大事

Three Major Events of Mongolia's Seeking Independence in the Twentieth Century

蒙古在二十世紀經歷了三件重要的大事，分別是1911年的泛蒙古獨立運動、1921年的獨立建國運動以及1990年代的民主化運動。這三件大事分別是在清帝國衰敗、俄國帝制與蘇維埃政權交替以及蘇聯瓦解等大環境變動下發起的，蒙古能夠積極把握時機是明顯易見的。從蒙古的個案看來，一個民族想要獨立建國最重要的是大環境允許，而且自己擁有獨立建國的決心、能力與共識。獨立建國的能力有兩方面，一方面是文化思想的準備，另一方面是務實的政治軍事。最後，民主化對於蒙古非常重要，讓它成為真正獨立的蒙古。

Mongolia has experienced three important events in the 20th century, namely the Pan-Mongolian independence movement of 1911, the independence movement of 1921 and the democratization in the 1990s. These three major events were initiated under major environmental changes such as the decline of the Qing Empire, the alternation of Russian monarchy and Soviet power, and the collapse of the Soviet Union. It is obvious that Mongolia actively seized these opportunities. From the case of Mongolia, the most important thing for a nation to establish an independent country is that the environment allows it, and that it has the determination, ability and consensus to do so. There are two aspects to the ability to establish an independent country: cultural and ideological preparation as well as pragmatic political and military affairs. Besides, democratization is crucial for Mongolia to be truly independent.