蒙古的國家認同

National Identity Issues of Mongolia

本文的重點將在檢視蒙古國的國家認同議題，重點是蒙古人現代獨立建國的歷程，歷經20世紀的變革，如何從共產國家轉為民主國家，並確立新的國家形象與身分認同。蒙古是個擁有光榮歷史的國家與民族，因為汗國分裂而在歷史舞台中黯淡下來，因此新的民族主義建立在呼籲團結上，蒙古人的團結，也是文化上的團結。在游牧民族的傳統上，希望結合現代性，既有馬上風光，也要有跑車奔馳。蘇聯解體後，蒙古利用此契機重新建立民主的國家形象，以民主政體擺脫中國與蘇聯（俄羅斯）這兩大鄰國的宰制，搭上全球的民主列車。民主是蒙古的光榮形象，也是國家認同的重要內涵。蒙古也希望建立與第三鄰居們更深厚的關係，不只擺脫俄羅斯與中國的牽制，也是開拓更多的發展機會。未來願景則是希望在2050年成為法治的民主社會，追求綠色的生活發展，經濟多元化繁榮發展，建立先進的資訊科技，而且有共同的國家認同凝聚力。

The main purpose of this paper is to explore the identity issues of Mongolia through history review and modern state building process. Mongolians are very proud of their glorious past, conquering many places of the world and ruled China as non-Hans people. They declined from the history stage because of tribal conflicts and power struggle among leaders. Therefore the unitary call became one of the very important elements of state building campaign. The newly independent status after the Cold War opened a new door for Mongolia to connect to the world. They chose to become a western style democratic state to distinguish from the two major neighbors, Russia and China. To some extent Mongolia benefited from the power balance between Russia and China. Meanwhile, Mongolia tried to develop further relations with the Third Neighbor. Not only to remain autonomy from Russia and China, but also to expand more opportunities with the world. Their vision of 2050 is to become a rule-by-law, advanced technology, and sustainable state.