嘉義市歷史建築玉山一、二村（藤田村）之歷史研究與空間考證

Historical Research and Spatial Verification of the Historical Buildings Yushan Village No. 1 and No. 2 (Fujita Mura) in Chiayi City

阿里山林場的開發為嘉義帶來經濟、人口的發展，在日治時期亦是臺灣重要的三大林場之一。為因應阿里山林場的開發，臺灣總督府營林所於阿里山鐵路正式通車後，設置嘉義製材工場；隨後也陸續在多處興建員工宿舍群，使得此一區域成為具有行政、運輸、生產、居住與休閒等不同使用機能所共構而成的「木材工業村」。從1906年藤田組成立開發阿里山林業開始，即同時建立作業所辦公室、藤田村和所長邸。其後歷經總督府「阿里山作業所」（1910年）和「阿里山營林所」（1940年）兩個階段，至1944年止已發展成規模完整的林業產業聚落。阿里山森林鐵路的興建，將山上的木材運往嘉義市區，因應製材工廠的設置以及林務相關行政單位也都設立在北門區域，逐漸從嘉義市圓環核心往北門地區擴展。日治時期嘉義市因森林產業的發展而設置的「嘉義製材工廠一、二代」、「動力室」、「鋸屑室」、「貯木場」、「焙房」與「鐵索道」等等的產業設施，以上居住功能的藤田村是目前的玉山二村，其餘產業設施為玉山一村；此外亦有為職工興建的宿舍群，除藤田村外還有青葉寮、阿里山村、本村（今檜意森活村）等聚落；因此在嘉義市北門這一帶，逐漸形成阿里山林業聚落，稱為檜町。本研究透過對阿里山林業開發史料的蒐集解讀，進行官署變遷其記錄的彙整，以釐清各建制階段的建設。從文書、檔案、照片、建築繪圖和市區改正圖、日治地形圖、配置圖、堡圖到都市計畫數值航測地形圖、配合現地測繪方式和深度訪談法，形成都市空間歷史變遷的方法論基礎。尤其在貫時性的排列序中清楚各階段的特徵與成果，利用地理資訊系統（GIS）作為整合式疊圖，還原都市空間的演變。研議文資價值奠基於基礎的紀錄資料和記錄方式，建立具有非常明確、有形的資產對象。

The development of the Alishan forestry station brought economic prosperity and population growth to Chiayi city. Alishan was also one of the three most important forest farms in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period. In response to the development of the Alishan Forestry station, the Forestry Management Bureau under the Governor of Taiwan established the Chiayi wood processing factory after the Alishan Railway was officially opened to traffic. Staff dormitories were also built at many locations. All these factors made this region a“wood industrial village”, which then become a center of administration, transportation, production, living and leisure. From the beginning of development the Alishan Forestry in 1906 , the Fujita Group had also established the office of the operation , the Fujita Mura and the Director's Residence (1910). Through the establishment of two official bodies,“the Alishan Operation Office”in 1910 and“Alishan Forestry Managment Bureau”in 1940, a complex forestry settlement had been completed by 1944. The construction of Alishan forest railway helped the transportation of wood in the mountains to Chiayi’s urban areas. In response to the establishment of the wood processing factory and forestrelated administrative units set up in the North Gate area, the development gradually expanded from the core of Chiayi (Chiayi city roundabout) to the North Gate area. At that time, other facilities were established, such as ''Chiayi Wood Processing Factory 1 & 2'', ''Powerhouse'', ''Sawdust Chamber'', ''Log Storage Yard'', ''Seasoning Chamber'' and ''Overhead Cableway'',etc., in response to the development of the forestry industry. In addition to the construction of the Fujita Mura dormitory, there were also Qing Ye Liu, Alishan Village, Motokura Village (now the Kuai Yi Sheng Huo Village) and other settlements. Therefore, the north of Chiayi City area gradually formed an Alishan forestry settlement, called“Henoki Machi.”In this study, we collected historical data of on forestry development of Ali Mountain, and compiled the records of the change of the government offices, so as to clarify the different stages of the construction. With the building surveying and site mapping, this paper attempts to form an urban space history from the documents, archives, photographs, architectural drawings and urban planning maps, topographic maps from the Japanese era, site plans, the city planning digital topographic maps, and indepth interviews. In particular, we try to diachronically identify the stages of urban space evolution by using a geographic information system (GIS). With the basic recorded data and recording methods, this research evaluates the cultural heritage assets of the historical buildings Yu-shan Village No. 1 and No. 2 Fujita Mura.