臺灣傳統剪黏藝術施作工序流程

Artistic Working Technique of Traditional Taiwanese Ceramic Applique

傳統「剪黏」為臺灣古建外觀最常見的裝飾。中國閩粵地區，當地建築專精於建物的裝飾藝術表現，臺灣的寺廟、宅第裝飾源流多自廣東及福建兩地。文獻資料顯示，臺灣的「剪黏」技術引入時間約為清中葉，並於清末後在臺開枝散葉達顛峰。所謂的「剪」是用不同材質，如瓷片、彩色玻璃切割成所需的形體；「黏」則是指將其材質嵌入未乾的灰塑，並填補接合之意。此填補和安置的施作工序流程即為「剪黏」。清末後來臺匠師，為符合業主各種需求，練就「剪黏」及「交趾陶」皆會施作的本事。「剪黏」結合灰塑、鑲嵌和繪畫等多樣技巧，成為另樣匠心別具的傳統建築裝飾藝術。筆者藉長期與匠師於施作工地現場進行紀錄調查，就現今傳統「剪黏」在臺的慣用工具、使用材料及施作工序流程加以記錄及影像彙整。「剪黏」施作技法經時代的演變，在現今社會成本考量的情況下，技藝已不斷流失。眾多「剪黏」相關的學術論述，主為流派研究及作品分析，雖內容豐富專精，卻少針對現今施作工序流程說明，冀此篇施作工序流程記錄，能對臺灣在地即將式微的傳統技藝略盡心力。

This traditional ceramic appliquéstyle, also known as cut-stick art, is the most commonly seen decorative art on the exterior of traditional buildings in Taiwan. According to the relevant literature, it was during the mid-Ching dynasty that cut-stick art was introduced to Taiwan, and it began to flourish at the end of the dynasty. The so-called“cut”refers to cutting the ceramic slices or colored glass into the required shapes, while the“stick”means embedding the material into an undried clay sculpture. The procedure of such insertion and embedment is what is referred to as cut-stick. In order to fulfill the requirements of their patrons, early artisans acquired skills in both ceramic appliquéand Koji pottery. Ceramic appliqué, in particular, had transformed into a distinctive ornamental art because of the blending of various techniques, including those of clay sculpture, mosaic and painting. The author conducted long-term recording and researching on site where the artisans worked, documenting the use of tools, materials and working procedures. With the passage of time, the working procedures and techniques of ceramic appliquéhave gradually declines, due to the consideration of cost in the modern society. Despite numerous academic discourses on ceramic appliqué, which largely focused on the analysis of genres and individual works, little has been discussed in terms of the working techniques of the present day. This study elaborates on the fabrication process of traditional ceramic appliquéin Taiwan, hoping to contribute to the conservation of this local yet declining art form.