社區防災管理關鍵因素之研究

A Study of Key Factors in Community Disaster Management

世界銀行於2005年調查研究指出臺灣約有73％的人口居住在有三種以上天然災害可能衝擊的地區，同時遭受兩種天然災害衝擊之國土地區更高達90％以上。所以在臺灣做好社區防災管理是非常重要的，故本研究目的為探討社區防災管理關鍵因素。台灣位於環太平洋地震帶，屬於地震高風險區，因此本研究目的為探討地震災害的社區防災管理關鍵要素。台灣自1911年至2010年間，共有347次的颱風侵襲發生多次重大災害，屬於風災以及水災高風險區，因此本研究目的為探討風災以及水災的社區防災管理關鍵要素。台灣曾發生許多重大火災傷亡，因此本研究目的為探討火災的社區防災管理關鍵要素。本研究採文獻檢索法以及層級分析法，評估並建立各防災管理關鍵要素的權重比例。研究分析結果得出社區防災管理評量的構面依權重排序依序是：（1）火災防範管理構面權重49.3％、（2）水災及風災防範管理構面權重31.1％、（3）地震災害防範管理構面權重19.6％。社區防災管理指標排序前五名最重要的管理分項因素依次是：（1）消防安全檢查分項因素權重16.0％、（2）排水系統清淤及維持汙廢水馬達正常運作分項因素14.4％、（3）消防設備定期更新分項因素9.6％、（4）確保消防設備系統不被關機分項因素9.2％、（5）偵煙器確保無防塵罩覆蓋分項因素8.3％。本研究建議前列項目可納入社區防災安全檢查的標準作業流程。

A survey conducted by the World Bank in 2005 pointed out that about 73% of Taiwan's population live in areas that are likely to be impacted by more than three natural disasters, and more than 90% of the country's land areas that are impacted by two natural disasters at the same time. Therefore, it is very important to do well in community disaster prevention management in Taiwan, so the purpose of this research is to explore the key factors of community disaster prevention management. This research adopts literature retrieval method and hierarchical analysis method to evaluate and establish the weight ratio of each key element of disaster prevention management. According to the results of the research and analysis, the dimensions of community disaster prevention management evaluation are as follows in order of weight: (1) The weight of fire prevention management is 49.3%, (2) The weight of flood and wind disaster prevention management is 31.1%, and (3) The weight of earthquake disaster prevention management is 19.6%. The top five most important management sub-factors in order of community disaster prevention management indicators are: (1) Fire safety inspection sub-factor weight 16.0%, (2) Drainage system dredging and maintaining the normal operation of sewage and waste water motor sub-factor 14.4%, (3) Regular update of fire-fighting equipment sub-factor 9.6%, (4) Ensure The fire-fighting equipment system is not shut down by a factor of 9.2%, (5) smoke detectors ensure no dust cover to cover the factor of 8.3%.