身心障礙福利機構照顧者對智能障礙者健康老化識能之研究

Institutional Caregivers' Health Literacy of Healthy Ageing toward People with Intellectual Disabilities

機構照顧者若能針對智能障礙者面臨老化問題有全面性的了解，將有助於提供適時適當的照護服務與協助，以提升照護品質。本研究主要目的乃了解機構照顧者對智能礙障者健康老化識能概念之認知情形與相關因素。研究以立意取樣選取16家身心障礙福利機構為研究場域，有效問卷920份為研究樣本（回覆率為91.9%）。本研究以結構式問卷作為測量工具，問卷經過信效度檢測。針對健康老化識能認知情形，以知識、態度與行為理論模式將其對於健康老化識能認知情形分為知識、態度與行為三個題組。本研究進行問卷回覆後，將所獲得、蒐集資料以SPSS Statistics 20.0統計套裝軟體進行統計分析。研究結果顯示照顧者有關智能障礙者健康老化識能的知識平均為30.6分，分數介於中上的程度，知識正確率為76.5%。健康老化識能中的態度平均為31分，照顧者的態度是偏正向態度。在健康老化識能的協助行為平均為28.7分，是健康識能三大面向中分數較低的類別，仍有成長的空間。針對健康識能三大面向的相關因素也有進一步分析，照顧者教育程度與健康老化知識分數有顯著相關。在健康老化的態度分數與照顧者教育程度及婚姻狀況有顯著相關。在健康老化的協助行為分數與照顧者性別、年齡、教育程度、婚姻狀況、工作年資和累計年資有統計顯著相關。本研究建議機構應提供照顧者有關智能障礙者老化相關教育訓練，滿足個案需求以提升照護品質。

Aims: If institutional caregivers can have a comprehensive understanding of the aging problems faced by persons with intellectual disabilities, it will help to provide timely and appropriate care services and assistance to improve the quality of care. The main purpose of this study is to understand the health literacy and associated factors of healthy ageing toward people with intellectual disabilities by institutional caregivers. Methods: The study selected 16 disability welfare institutions as the research settings by a purposive sampling, and 920 valid questionnaires were used as the research sample (the response rate was 91.9%). This study used a structured questionnaire as a measurement tool which is tested for reliability and validity, and the health literacy of healthy aging was divided into three domains: knowledge, attitude and assisting behavior. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS Statistics 20.0 statistical package software. Results: The results of the study showed that the mean score of caregivers' knowledge about the health and aging awareness of people with intellectual disabilities was 30.6 points, and the score was in the middle to upper level. The knowledge accuracy rate was 76.5%. The average attitude of healthy aging awareness was 31 points, and the attitude of the caregiver was positive generally. The mean score for assisting behaviors in healthy aging awareness was 28.7 points, which was the category with a lower score among the three domains of health literacy and there is still room for growth. There was also further analysis on the associated factors of the three domains of health literacy. Results showed that the education level of caregivers was significantly correlated with the scores of healthy aging knowledge. The univariate analysis of the attitude score of healthy aging had a significant relationship with the education level and marital status of the caregiver. In the univariate analysis of the scores of assistive behaviors for healthy aging, there were statistically significant differences in the gender, age, education level, marital status, working years and accumulated years of caregivers. Conclusion: This research suggests that disability institutions should provide caregivers with education and training related to the aging of persons with intellectual disabilities to meet the needs of individual cases to improve the quality of care.