中華民國對南海諸島的開發與經營──以檔案管理局管有之檔案為主要史料

The History of Development and Management Regarding the Sovereignty over the South China Sea Islands of Republic of China - Based on the Archival Holding of the National Archives Administration

南海為中國航向東南亞地區必經之途，清末亦有水師前往該海域巡守。中華民國成立後，對於南海諸島之經營開發有所規劃，並於東沙島建立氣象觀測臺及派員駐守。民國35至39年期間，中華民國海軍進駐西、南沙群島之永興島、太平兩島。民國45年，中華民國政府重新派遣艦隊駐守太平島，現今東沙、太平兩島則派駐海岸巡防署人員管理。民國82年，行政院成立南海小組後，制訂相關南海政策，維護中華民國在南海之主權。本文以檔案管理局所管有的南海諸島檔案，瞭解昔日中華民國在南海諸島的經營開發情形。

The South China Sea course for China was the main path to Southeast Asia. Qing navy had patrolled the South China Sea waters in the late Qing Dynasty. After Republic of China being established, the government had started planning the management and development of the South China Sea region. There was a meteorological observatory at which staffs were stationed. From 1946 to 1949, R.O.C. Navy had stationed in Woody Island and Taiping Island. In 1956, R.O.C designated a fleet to station in the Taiping Island. Nowadays, Dongsha Island and Taiping Island are stationed by the Coast Guard Administration. Executive Yuan has assigned a South China Sea commission dedicated to regulate the South China Sea management policies for consolidating the sovereignty over the South China Sea. This study is based on the South China Sea islands files in the National Archives Administration, to understand how R.O.C developed and managed the region in the past.