從專業分化到功能整合：衛生福利部的組織變革歷程分析

From Specialization to Functional Integration: Organizational Change of Ministry of Health and Social Welfare

民國99年1月，立法院三讀通過行政院組織法修正案，現有37個部會將從民國101年起精簡成為29個；其中，衛生政策與社會政策機關也確定將整合成為衛生福利部。我國衛生福利部的組織發展歷程，大致可分為五個變革階段：大陸時期先後設置衛生部與社會部，中央政府遷臺前夕分別改制為內政部衛生司與社會司，民國60年內政部衛生司升格行政院衛生署，政府解嚴後研議衛生與社福組織整併，未來邁向「大部制」組織。衛政與社政機關整合成為單一部會，可謂符合並趕上世界先進國家政府再造趨勢；然而，衛生福利部將可能遭遇：衛生專業凌駕社福專業、組織設計是否合理可行、社福業務如何適切分工、組織員額必須妥當配置，及與勞政業務之跨域協調等，諸多以「大部制」組織設計原則進行改革之組織其所面臨的嚴峻挑戰。

Reinventing government is now a very important issue in Taiwan. To make public sector smart, flexible, and more effective are visions of organizational change. Since“The Executive Yuan's Organization Law'' was passed by Legislative Yuan on January 20, 2010, its organizational framework will have radical reforms in 2012. Ministry of Health and Social Welfare is one of the new Ministries. This paper distinguishes five stages of organizational development in Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. The first stage was period of Mainland China, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Social Welfare had established separately in different times. Secondly, These two Ministries reorganized to be part of Ministry of Interior from 1949. In the third stage began in 1971, Department of Health, Executive Yuan had founded. The fourth stage proposed functional integration after Martial Law Lifted. The last stage will be the new era of Mega Ministry. However, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare must overcome many governance issues in the future, such as, Does it emphasize Department of Health over Social Welfare? How to design a suitable organizational chart and appropriate to specialization? Will staffs have apposite distribution? Finally, how Ministry of Health and Social Welfare to integrate with Ministry of Labor?