環境資料庫檔案之建置與應用

The Establishment and Applications of Environmental Database Archives

檔案是人類歷史的記憶，而環境資料庫則是環境保護的歷史記憶。環境保護工作首要在掌握環境現況資訊，多年來，我國環境保護工作雖累積相當數量之基礎數據資料，但由於缺乏規範，環境資料蒐集仍屬零星分散，也未能有效的傳輸、加工、儲存及分析應用等，並轉化為可用資訊或知識資源。其次，由於部分環境資料之蒐集，常須耗費大量經費資源及長時間的資料累積，方能有更進一步之應用或提供決策參考，而各機關基於分工之本位思維，就其所持有資料不願意分享，成為當前環境資訊化發展之主要瓶頸。為有效整合環境領域資料，行政院環境保護署（以下簡稱環保署）於民國90年進行環境資料庫之初步調查與規劃，提出「環境資料庫推動計畫」，整合各機關及各部門之環境資料，秉持資訊共享、資訊公開原則，透過制度化與標準化之方式，讓各類環境資料能依據電子檔案的生命週期進行典藏及應用。本文主要介紹環境資料庫之建置歷程，簡介國外之環境資訊系統建置經驗，並說明環境資料庫結合資料提供面、應用層面與空間概念層面等面向，開發各類應用介面，開放各界查詢之應用方式。

While many archives are preserved as the memory of human history, the environmental database can also be deemed as the historical memory of environmental protection work. To know all the conditions in the environment is the most important thing to the environmental protection work. In the past years, we have strived to collect elementary data from environmental management work. However, due to the lack of standardization and scheme not well structured, the aim of making use of the data to support the requirements for further transferring, processing, storing and building analysis applications was not achieved, and not able to transform the data into useful information. The reason that the environmental data collected couldn't be used to support the policy decision making is the amount of the data, which consumes money, time and energy, and the agencies which hold the information unwilling to share delays the development of the progress. For the necessary to collaborate and integrate the work of environmental data collection, the Environmental Protection Administration (Taiwan EPA) planed and initialed a project to build environmental database. Taiwan EPA proposed''the Environment Database Development Plan''to integrate various organizations and departments process environmental information, to comply with the very principle for information sharing and opening. All kinds of environmental data can be archived bases on e-record life cycles through a systematic and standardized way. This paper described the environment database building process, and the experiences from foreign environmental information system. The collective environmental database comprises data providing processes, application developments and spatial concepts. It contains various applications and information that are available to the general public.