日治時期戶籍檔案之建立與應用──以宜蘭地區客家移民戶研究為例

The Establishment and Application of Household Registration Archives During Japanese Colonial Period: a Case of Yilan County's Hakka Household Registers

建立於1905年的戶籍檔案，是日本殖民者對臺灣人（戶）口的第一手紀錄，其具質與量雙重性，除了補充文獻紀錄不足外，並可提供各項學科研究之用。本文首先說明日治初期臺灣舊慣調查與戶籍檔案建構之關係，並論及戶籍法規之形成與戶籍調查之方式，以明瞭戶籍檔案產生之過程。繼而以宜蘭地區三星、大同、冬山及蘇澳等近山鄉鎮之戶籍檔案研究為例，探討20世紀初期樟腦產業重要勞動力－客家移民戶之移民動態。其目的除了藉以呈現戶籍檔案之價值外，並嘗試於文獻、族譜、口述訪談等研究方法之外，採取戶籍檔案之分析與綜整，探討以福佬為主要族群下之客家族群的存在與移民歷程。最後，並提出戶籍檔案研究上的可能與侷限性。

Taiwan household register institutionalization was established in 1905, and household register archives have been created more than 100 years. The purpose of this paper is to review the foundation process of Taiwan household registers, and analyze the relationship between register archives and“the Old Custom Survey of Taiwan conducted by Japanese colonizer''. Moerover, the author takes household register archives of Hakka immigrants in Yilan County as an example to discuss possibilities and limitations of household register archives for research purpose.