都市公園生態化及其發展脈絡：台北市生態公園的自然鑲嵌與社會特徵分析

Development of Ecological Parks and Their Contexts: Environmental Embeddedness and Social Characteristics of Taipei's Ecological Parks

在促進都市永續發展上，近一二十年來都市公園開始被賦予重要角色，生態公園也成為都市公園的新興發展模式，都市公園的生態化轉向，是城市透過公園系統及綠基盤推動永續發展的關鍵政策與空間標的。本文首先回顧國際上都市生態公園的推動經驗與發展趨勢，討論生態公園與公園生態化的相關經驗與理論議題，進而以台北市公園生態化的推動及發展作經驗探究，作為檢視台北市綠色基盤建置與發展朝向永續城市的案例。在經驗分析上，首先說明台北市推動公園生態化的政策脈絡，接著透過生態公園所在地的環境特性，分析台北市生態公園的自然系統特性，最後說明生態公園復育及環境營造過程的社會參與者及其作為，呈現生態公園的社會與環境共構之特性，以具體反映台北市生態公園的發展路徑與地景營造特徵。

Urban parks and urban green spaces have been highly recognized in the past two decades as having strategic importance in achieving urban sustainability. Research results reveal that ecological parks have become an emerging new model for urban parks and their development. While policy and practice increasingly consider ecological factors in park and landscape design, however, ecological park development has many viewpoints and pathways. This study reviews the origin and development of ecological parks in western countries as a baseline and reference to examine Asian experiences, and empirically investigates how ecological parks are proposed and developed in Taipei City to promote urban sustainability. This study addresses the importance of contextual analysis on the development of ecological parks in a city by focusing on the policy context, environmental context and social networks that intertwiningly shape the social-ecological landscapes of ecological parks in Taipei City.