都市永續性的多重尺度觀點：以農產品消費土地遠距連接時空變化探討都市與鄉村的關係

Multi-scale Perspective for Urban Sustainability: Exploring Urban-rural Relationship Based on the Spatial and Temporal Analyses of Land Teleconnections of Agricultural Products Consumption

在全球化的世界，農產品的消費與生產都受市場經濟影響，甚至已鑲嵌在全球商品價值鏈當中，地理的鄰近性不再是影響都市與鄉村關係的關鍵，都市與遠距鄉村因農產品市場交易與國際貿易產生土地遠距連接的關係。在農產品消費土地遠距連接關係影響下，都市與遠距鄉村產生功能性與空間性的新連結，也因此與鄰近鄉村產生去連結關係，此關係變化成為都市永續性治理的挑戰。本研究基於都市土地使用遠距連接與遠距耦合的概念，建構了一系列概念性模型，用以描述都市農產品消費土地遠距連接關係的發展，進而探討農產品消費遠距連接對都市與鄉村永續性的影響。本研究進而運用各項統計資料，分析臺北都會區農產品生產與消費的時空變遷，探討都會區與其內部與鄰近農村及遠距鄉村農業之間的多重尺度連接關係。分析結果發現，臺北都會區在人口增加與所得提升影響下，農產品消費量逐年增加且消費結構改變，當內部農地及鄰近鄉村的農產品供給不能滿足需求時，臺北都會區早已轉向倚賴中南部的遠距農村，而且近年對國外進口的農產品倚賴程度逐漸升高，而運輸條件改善及開放國外農產品進口是影響臺北都會區農產品消費土地遠距連接關係的重要因素。最後，本研究在都市土地遠距連接的概念上建構一個多重尺度都市永續性治理的架構，並且據此提出都市與不同尺度鄉村之間共同永續發展的治理策略。

In an increasingly globalized world, production and consumption of agricultural products have been affected by market economics and embedded into the global value chain. The phenomenon of urban-rural teleconnections, which refers to urban-rural flows and linkages of urban and rural areas that are not geographically co-located, affect the sustainability of urban-rural systems. The functional and spatial coupling and decoupling of cities with their rural ＂hinterlands＂ needs to be considered regarded as the challenge to urban sustainability governance. Based on the literature review, this work presents conceptual frameworks to explain the development of urban-rural teleconnections and the changing relationships between urban areas and rural hinterlands in different scales. This study work analyzes the spatial and temporal patterns of the production and consumption of agricultural products in Taipei Metropolitan Area. The relationships between Taipei Metropolitan Area and its connected rural areas are investigated to understand the relationships between them. The consumption of agricultural products in Taipei Metropolitan Area has changed with the increased population and household income in the past 40 years. The rapid-growth demand of agricultural products was far greater than the supply from Taipei Metropolitan Area's rural production. Therefore, agricultural products were increasingly imported from distant rural areas to fill the gap of demand and supply. Transportation and international free trade reinforce urban land Teleconnections. The opening of Taiwan's agricultural market to the world has resulted in Taipei Metropolitan Area having increased connections to distant foreign rural areas and consuming more imported agricultural products. Moreover, this work proposes a multi-scale perspective of urban-rural system to formulate the strategies of governance for urban sustainability.