河北曲陽雙身造像碑刻題記探究之一：二佛並坐（雙佛）

On the Inscriptions of the Double Buddhas from Quyang, Hebei (I)

河北保定曲陽地區於1950年左右出土兩千多尊漢白玉造像，其中特別令人矚目為「雙身」造像，因為雙佛（二佛並坐）為中國各地可見的佛教藝術造像，但雙觀音和雙思惟卻只見於曲陽地區。筆者已發表曲陽地區三種雙身造像研究，但尚未針對其造像碑刻題記攷索。本文即針對雙身的第一種「雙佛」造像進行探究，理解供養人與受益者之關係及其祈願、以及題記反映出對雙身尊像之認知。透過本文可知曲陽雙佛造像的三層結構（A供養人、B造像、C受益者），在北齊時已全部連線成功，藉由「雙佛」造像為中心，自由定義了尊像名稱、也連結了出資供養人。本文透過「內部」碑刻題記的研究，也意外與三種雙身造像型態「外部」變化的時間點，取得一致的研究成果。

Among the over two thousand Han Jade Buddhist sculptures excavated from Quyang, Baoding, Henan Province in the 1950s, the ''double images'' attract the most attention. There have been many statues of double Buddhas sitting together found in many places all over China, but double Guanyins and double Pensive Bodhisattvas are only found in Quyang area. Previously, I pointed out three different stylistic types of double images from Quyang area. This paper will further research on the inscriptions of the first type of double Buddhas to analyze the relationship between the patrons and beneficiaries, the patrons' vows, and how the patrons perceive the double Buddhas. There are three elements in these sculptures: donors, sculptures, and beneficiaries during the Northern Qi Dynasty. The inscriptions give titles to the sculptures freely and reveal a strong connection between the sculptures and the patrons. A intertextual analysis also shows these inscriptions are in accordance with the three formal types in terms of the time periods.