春秋時代第二次弭兵會盟失效時間芻議

The Discussion on Time Frame Which Was No Longer in Force for the Second''Mi Bing''(the Truce) by Confederate Alliance in the Spring and Autumn Period

本文梳理晉、魯二國自魯襄公二十七年（546 B.C.）第二次弭兵會盟後軍事行動，推論弭兵要求與盟諸國二項限制：第一、除少數民族外，不得對任何諸侯動武。第二、允許非侵略性軍事行動，如協助他國平定內亂或治兵演習。以此原則檢視楚國於弭兵會盟後表現，其自魯昭公四年（538 B.C.）起連續攻擊弭兵會盟參與國，更於魯昭公九年（533 B.C.）與魯昭公十一年（531 B.C.）滅參與弭兵會盟之陳、蔡二國為縣，故弭兵盟辭失效時間應訂於魯昭公四年（538 B.C.），不必晚至魯定公四年（506 B.C.）召陵之會，弭兵誓辭僅維持九年。

This article sorts out the military operations after Jin State and Lu State signed the second ''Mi Bing'' in 546 B.C., and infers two restrictions of it which demanded the member states to obey. The first is no war to other states except ethnic minorities. The second is to allow non-aggressive military operations, such as assisting other states in calming down civil strife or maneuvering exercises. According to these two restrictions, this article surveys to the operations of Chu State. It had continuously attacked other states which were the member states of ''Mi Bing'' since 538 B.C. Even earlier in 533 B.C. and 531 B.C., it defeated Chen State and Cai State, and then ruled their territories as its own districts. Therefore, the time frame which was no longer in force for the ''Mi Bing'' was in 538 B.C., and it was no late than the inter-States meeting of ''Zhao Ling'' in 506 B. C. The agreement of ''Mi Bing'' lasted only 13 years.