外國人收容與驅逐出國之人權保障──聯合國禁止酷刑公約的檢視

Human Right Safeguards for the Detention and Deportation of Foreigners: Inspection of the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

聯合國於1984通過「禁止酷刑和其他殘忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或處罰公約」，我國目前雖非屬聯合國會員國，但身為國際社會的成員，仍應重視人權保障，服膺聯合國相關國際人權公約的規範。政府自2009年起即積極推動國際人權公約國內法化的立法工程，並於2018年12月7日經行政院會通過內政部擬具的「禁止酷刑及其他殘忍不人道或有辱人格之待遇或處罰公約施行法」草案，併同該公約及其任擇議定書送請立法院審議。本文主要針對移民事務主管機關進行法規檢視，檢視所屬人員執行職務時所適用之法規，有無涉及酷刑和其他殘忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或處罰之情形。在移民機關所負責的工作項目中，聯合國禁止酷刑公約及相關軟法文件最重視的部分為外國人收容及驅逐出國事項。作者透過詳細法規檢視分析，臚列出移民法規有不符合或部分不符合該公約及議定書規定之檢視清單，並提出具體修正建議供參考，俾利移民機關於公約施行法通過後能順利完成法令之制（訂）定、修正、廢止及行政措施的改進。

The United Nations passed the ''Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment''（hereinafter referred to as CAT）as early as 1984. Although Taiwan is not a member of the United Nations at the present time, it should still attach importance to the protection of human rights and follow the norms of UN international conventions of human rights. Therefore, Taiwan government has promoted the domestic legislation relating to international human rights conventions actively since 2009. The draft of''Act to Implement the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment'' drawn up by Ministry of the Interior has been passed by Executive Yuan on Dec. 7, 2018. Currently, the draft has been submitted to Legislative Yuan. The author of this paper carries out a thorough inspection of the laws and regulations of immigration authorities, and examines whether there are situations involving torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Among the work items that the immigration authorities are responsible for, the most important part concerned by the CAT and related soft law instruments is the detention and deportation of foreign immigrants. Finally, by examining and analyzing those regulations in detail, the author makes a list of enactments that fully or partly do not conform to CAT and its protocols and provides some concrete advices to the authorities for future reference. After the draft been passed by Legislative Yuan, the list and advices can be an important reference to immigration authorities and can help them legislate, amend or repeal the regulations and administrative measures.