社會秩序維護法問題之探討──以實證研究為中心

The Study of the Social Order Maintenance Act Focused on Empirical Literature

社會秩序維護法的前身是民國80年廢止的違警罰法。在違警罰法廢止後，社會秩序維護法成為警察維護社會秩序的規範之一。之後，社會秩序維護法歷經5次條文修正，惟未大幅改變其規範內容的結構。經統計立法院法規草案，民國105年5月13日迄今，社會秩序維護法有13個提案。由此可見，社會秩序維護法在執行層面出現些問題，故有許多法律修正的提案。根據政策階段論，政策合法化後，進入政策執行的階段。社會秩序維護的政策合法化後，面臨政策執行及評估的階段，亦即這個法實施後，有沒有達到立法的目的或執行的結果好不好，簡稱為政策績效。根據Donald Van Meter and Carl Van Horn（1975）政策執行過程模式（或稱為政策執行力），影響政策績效的因素包括組織間的溝通、執行的活動、執行機關的特性及環境和執行人員的處置。本文基於三個社會秩序維護法執行層面的實證研究，擇取由上而下政策執行理論的組織、資源及環境（利害關係人）角度進行分析。

After the Punishment for Breach of the Police Regulations Act was abolished in 1991, the Social Order Maintenance Act has become the legal basis for the police to maintain social order in Taiwan. Since then, the Social Order Maintenance Act has undergone five amendments to its provisions, but the major content of the act is largely unchanged. According to the statistics published by the Legislative Yuan, 13 amendments associated with the Law on the Social Order Maintenance Act have been proposed since May 13, 2015. It appears that there are some issues related to the implementation of the Social Order Maintenance Act, so shown in the number of proposals for amendments. Following policy analysis approaches, this study focuses on policy implantation in the Stages Model of the Policy Process. After the Act is promulgated, it enters the stage of policy implementation and evaluation. The outcome of the policy implementation and evaluation is called policy performance. According to Van Meter and Van Horn's Policy Implementation Model, factors influencing policy performance include interorganizational communication, enforcement activities, the characteristics of the implementing agencies, the environment and the disposition of implementers. Based on a thorough review of three empirical studies, this article explores the problems of the Social Order Maintenance Act in terms of organization ,resource situations and the environment from the perspective of stakeholders.