網路犯罪被害：人口特性與情境機會的影響

Cyber Victimization: The Impact of Demographic Characteristics and Situational Opportunity

網路犯罪被害已成為犯罪學領域重要研究議題，網路犯罪被害預防亦逐漸引起民眾和政府關注；本研究運用145,216位警察官方資料庫樣本進行分析，主要目的在探討2010-2019年間網路犯罪被害趨勢與主要類型，觀察網路犯罪被害人口特性和情境機會的集中特性，分析人口特性與情境機會之關聯性，以及檢驗整合生活型態和日常活動理論（LRAT）為基礎的概念架構。研究結果顯示，網路犯罪被害主要型態為:網路詐欺、妨害電腦使用、侵害著作、妨害名譽/信用、財產犯罪、網路色情和其他等七大類型。無論網路犯罪被害人口特性或情境機會均存在集中特性；人口特性與情境機會間存在顯著關聯性，人口特性和情境機會對是否會造成網路犯罪被害損失具有顯著影響力，尤其以網路犯罪被害途徑、教育程度和加/被害人關係最具影響力；此項研究結果之持生活型態-日常活動理論（LRAT）的基本假設，並根據研究結果提出網路犯罪被害預防和未來研究之建議。

Cybercrime victimization has emerged as a critical issue for criminology and a growing concern for cybercrime prevention policy. Using a sample of 145,216 cybercrime victims from the police official database, the current study attempts to describe the trend and types of cybercrime victimization from 2010 to 2019, to observe the concentration patterns of victim's demographic characteristics and situational opportunity, and examine the proposed model based on the Lifestyle Routine Activity Theory (LRAT). Results indicate that major types of cybercrime victimization include fraud, infringement of computer usage, against copyright, against reputation/credit, property crime, online prostitution, and others. There exist concentration patterns of victim's characteristics and situation opportunity for different types of victimization. Victim's characteristics are significantly associated with situational opportunity. Demographic characteristics and situational opportunities have a significant influence on the victim's loss, especially the impact of cyber-path, education, and offender-victim relationship. Findings from this study provide empirical supports for the LRAT and suggestions for preventing cybercrime victimization and future study.