論美國憲法解釋中的“部門主義”——立法和行政的解釋

Departmentalism of American Constitutional Interpretation—The Constitutional Interpretive Authority of the Legislative and Executive Branches

憲法解釋權的歸屬是憲法實施的基礎性問題，美國普通法院解釋憲法的模式在樹立司法至上權威的同時也面臨著理論界對它的解構，由此產生的部門主義反對司法機關排他的釋憲權，認為立法分支和行政分支也具有釋憲的權力，各個權力分支在憲法為其劃定的權限範圍內獨立地行使憲法解釋權，並根據功能最優的分析方法確定各個機關釋憲權的優先等級。通過對部門主義理論的梳理，呈現一種新的憲法解釋制度設想，提出部門主義所體現的功能主義方法論是對憲法解釋視角的理論重構。

The distribution of the constitutional interpretive authority is a fundamental issue in the sphere of enforcement of the constitution.The pattern of judicial review in the USA has gradually turned into judicial supremacy，however its also faced with a theoretical deconstruction.The ideological trend of departmentalism put forward an opposition that courts should not be the exclusive interpreter of the Constitution，and that legislative and executive branches have the constitutional interpretive authority，and act independently in the defined range of constitution，the priority of these interpretive authorities are determined by the functional comparative analysis.This article tries to present a new system of constitutional interpretation，and put forward the functional methodology within this ideological trend to reconstruct the perspective of constitutional interpretation.