知識產權強制許可在反壟斷中的適用

The Application of Intellectual Property Compulsory Licensing in Antitrust

在反壟斷法視野下，知識產權強制許可可以作為知識產權拒絕許可導致或者可能導致的排除、限制競爭效果而實施的一項救濟措施。在歐美反壟斷司法實踐中，必要設施理論都曾作為知識產權強制許可的適用標準。但是必要設施理論在歐美一直存在爭議，自Trinko案之後，美國幾乎廢除了對該理論的適用，在歐盟這一理論的適用標準一直處於變遷中。而中國應借鑒必要設施理論完善知識產權強制許可在反壟斷中的適用。

Under antitrust law，intellectual property compulsory licensing is a remedy to the refusal to deal that may lead to exclusion or restriction of competition.In U.S.and EU，the Essential Facility Doctrine was the standard of the application of intellectual property compulsory licensing in antitrust，but the disputation always exits.From the Trinko Case，U.S.has nearly abandoned the application of the doctrine.Although EU adopts the doctrine，the standard of the application of the doctrine has been changing.And China should introduce Essential Facility Doctrine to refine the application of intellectual property compulsory licensing in antitrust.