客家民俗中的生態意涵─以信仰民俗為例

The Ecological Implication of Hakka Folklore: A Study of Hakka Folk Beliefs

台灣客家族群有許多珍貴的民俗傳統，蘊藏著這個族群對大自然抱持的生態友善態度。然而，在現代化的衝擊下，傳統的客家族群生活型態悄悄改變，許多客家民俗也漸有散佚跡象，殊為可惜，但也可看到當代新生的客家民俗正在積極地創發傳統。客家民俗由傳統到創新，含藏於其中的「可持續性」元素可說是客家民俗一個堅強的、值得傳播的文化基因。本研究認為，若能由生態民俗觀點出發，探究客家民俗生活與環境生態的交互影響，凸顯出其中的生態意涵並積極活化相關民俗精神，一方面可提升客家文化民俗的保存價值，另一方面也可建構一條實踐環境倫理的新路徑。因此，本研究以客家信仰民俗為對象，嘗試探討傳統與當代客家民俗事象中含藏的生態思想。內容除了說明民俗與生態的關係之外，還包括探討客家信仰民俗與其生態意涵；介紹新型態的客家生態民俗──黃蝶祭；最後，探討從創發的傳統觀點看新舊客家民俗的文化傳遞意義。

Many unique folklore traditions of Hakka imply Environment-friendly attitudes. However, the traditional lifestyle of Hakka is quietly changed in the process of modernization, and some of Hakka folklores have been disappeared. It is quite a pity. Fortunately, the Hakka is actively innovate of its’ newly folklore. The development of Hakka folklore from the traditional to the innovative, the embedded “sustainability” element can be said to be a strong, worthy to be delivered cultural gene. This paper starts from the view point of ecological folklore, and inquires the interaction between the Hakka folklore and the environment, in which the ecological implications have been specifically highlighted and positively activated. On the one hand, we can enhance the preservation value of the Hakka folklore culture. On the other hand, we can construct a new path which can also practice environmental ethics. Therefore, this paper focuses on Hakka folklore, trying to explore the ecological implication embedded in the Hakka folklore, including traditional and contemporary. This paper includes preface which describes the relationship between folklore and ecology. Section II explores the ecological implications embedded in Hakka folk beliefs. Section III presents the new Hakka ecological folk patterns－ Yellow Butterfly Festival. Finally, section IV is to explore the cultural transmission of the new and old folklore.