台灣與日本相似，在重大天然災害發生後，皆須龐大數量的緊急避難措施、臨時避難所等緊急收容所安置災民，也同樣面臨快速進入高齡社會與災難照顧的問題。本研究採用質量混合分析法，分析台灣、日本在高齡者臨時避難收容及安置的機制和措施，探討高齡者應急生活該有的支援、空間照護等實証性經驗與教訓，提供國人未來修正應急處置政策、方案的珍貴參考資料。研究結果顯示：臨時避難所缺乏心理、生理等醫療空間，高齡者在臨時避難所因行動不便與生理、心理特性和空間的衝擊，導致健康狀態惡化的狀況。一般臨時避難所多以學校禮堂、活動中心為主，大型單一空間缺乏隱私及空間的多元性，造成高齡者強忍生活上困擾及身心的痛苦，進而影響健康與生活障礙。研究具體成果包括：未來思考建構高齡者相關災害後避難安置場所時，確保臨時避難所可迅速建立無障礙的環境，改善既存衛浴空間的不足及距離遙遠與偏僻等問題；建構高齡者的個人空間場域與可及性高的無障礙生活環境輔助設施，提供高齡者不僅災後緊急避難及可療癒身心的短暫避難生活。

After major natural disasters, Taiwan and Japan deal with similar issues: large emergency evacuation measures, temporary shelters, and other emergency shelters for victims. Also, both countries must consider the rapidly aging society and the problem of disaster care. This paper reviews the literature to analyze both Taiwan and Japans natural disaster management of emergency shelter care of the elderly. The results show that: (1) the lack of temporary shelter with psychological and physiological care and other medical facilities can lead to deterioration in the health of the elderly (2) temporary shelter produces lack of privacy, which can cause stress, physical suffering, and mental suffering for the elderly, and therefore, affect their mental state and obstacles to living (3) to establish an accessible environment and improve the inadequacies of the existing bathroom space in distant and remote shelters is a priority (4) as well as to ensure that the shelter provides elderly individuals with an accessible and barrier-free living environment, and the elderly can not only rest in a post-disaster emergency shelter, but also live in a temporary refuge to heal their physical and mental life.