五四前後女性知識分子婚戀的獨立自主   全文下載

Women's independence and autonomy in marriage:The case of female intellectuals during the May Fourth

本文旨於分析五四前後女性知識分子抗拒舊式指婚，追求婚戀自由的主張與行動，呈現女性的獨立自主。本研究挑選十位生於晚清，成長於五四前後的女性知識分子。女性拒婚是因目睹女性親友在舊婚制受苦，也因反對大家庭或婚姻制度、崇尚戀愛自由、為自己理想、不喜歡指婚對象、或為女性解放的理念而拒婚。同時，這些也反映她們的婚戀觀與五四思潮的影響。有女性以退婚、逃婚以拒婚，選擇自己婚姻的伴侶和新式結婚，展現女性追求獨立自主的風貌。離婚不論是不得已或自己抉擇，離婚後女性，找回自我與獨立自主。部分女性知識分子選擇或主張獨身，致力實現自己的理想或貢獻社會國家。女性爭取婚戀自主也具有顛覆傳統規範、國家現代化與時潮賦權女性之意涵。

This article aims to explore women's marriage and their independence and autonomy by examining 10 female intellectuals who struggled for the freedom of marriage and freedom of choosing their spouse under the influences of the May Fourth Movement concerning women's problems and their rights. New Culturalists urged much attention to women's depression because of the arranged marriage system to challenge patriarchal authority. This article suggests that for their dependence and autonomy, some women escaped from arranged marriages to resist their parents' domination and chose their spouses. After their divorces, some women found their way to be independent and fulfill their abilities, without relying on men. Remaining single also exemplified that women were able to dedicate themselves to their careers or the society. Moreover, women's independence and autonomy in marriage might imply women's subversion of traditional norms, state modernity and the empowerment of women.